nursing
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| normal flora | microorganisms that live on the skin, in the nasopharynx, in the GI tract, and on other body surfaces
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| Interferon | a nonspecific chemical inhibitor that is secreted by body cells in response to viral invasion
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| granulocytes | polymorphonuclear cells that contain granules of digestive enzymes
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| agranulocytes | mononuclear cells that lack digestive enzymes
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| antigens | foreign particles, such as microbes, that enter a host
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| antibodies | convey specific resistance to many bacterial and viral infections
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| complement system | series of proteins found in the bloodstream
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| vaccination | process of injecting weakened or killed organisms into a person, stimulating antibody production
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| opportunistic | take advantage of being in the right place at the right time
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| anaerobes | organisms requiring reduced oxygen for growth, associated with serious infections
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| endotoxins | particularly potent poisons that can cause hemorrhagic shock when large amounts are released in to the blood
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| communicable period | time frame during which a disease can be passed from one person to another
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| purulent | containing puss
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| abscess | occurs when the body attempts to localize infection by walling off the purulent drainage
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| leukocytosis | a rise in circulating WBC's above the normal adult range of 5,000-10,000 cells/mm
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| shift to the left | leftward shift in the granulocytic differential count
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| neutropenia | present and poses a significant risk for infections when the ANC falls to fewer than 1,000 cells/mm
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| superinfection | secondary infection that occurs when antibiotics, immunosuppression, or cancer treatment destroys normal flora
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| micturition | word to describe the process of excreting urine from the body
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| diuresis | water excretion
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| hydronephrosis | distention of the kidney pelvis with urine secondary to the increased resistance caused by obstruction to normal urine flow
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| cystocele | protrusion or herniation of the bladder into the vaginal canal
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| diuretics | administered to increase urine output
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| dysuria | painful voiding
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| polyuria | formation and excretion of excessive amounts of urine in the absence of a concurrent increase in fluid intake
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| oliguria | formation and excretion fo decreased amounts of urine, or urinary output less than 500mL in 24 hours
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| anuria | formation and excretion of less than 100mL of urine in 24 hours
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| overactive bladder | frequency and urgency often occur together
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| nocturia | voiding during normal sleeping hours
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| hematuria | blood in the urine
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| pyuria | urine contains pus, which is the accumulation of the end products of an inflammatory response
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| urinary retention | inability to empty the bladder of urine
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| urinary incontinence | involuntary loss of urine from the bladder
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| peristalsis | propels the intestinal contents along the entire length of the small and large intestines
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| meconium | partially dried intestinal secretions that accumulated in the large intestine before birth
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| stoma | the portion of intestine brought through the abdominal wall is known as
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| hemorrhoids | enlarged or varicose viens in the anal canal
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| colostomyf- | bowel diversion surgery that brings a segment of the large colon out to the abdominal skin
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| ileostomy | portion of the ileum is used to make the stoma on the abdomen
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| constipation | consistency of the stool (hard) necessity to strain with defecation
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| fecal impaction | accumulation of hardened feces in the rectum
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| diarrhea | manifested by frequent evacuation of watery stools
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| C-diff | most common cause of hospital acquired diarrhea in the US
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| Flatus | accumulation of gas in the GI tract
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| distention | accumulation of excessive amounts of flatus or liquid or solid intestinal contents
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| borborygmi | large bowel sounds
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| paralytic ileus | condition in when the intestines are temporally paralyzed
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