Developmental Abnormalities of Teeth
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| anodontia | congenital lack of teeth
associ. w/ ectodermal dysplasia
affect decideous or permanent
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| hypodontia | lack +1 teeth
affect permanent or decideous
usually bilateral, familial, id during clinical+radiographic exam
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| what is the most common missing permanent teeth in hypodontia? | mandibular+maxillary 3rd molars
maxillary lateral incisors
mandibular second premolars
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| what is the most common missing decideous tooth in hypodontia? | mandibular incisors
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| what is total andontia | lack of all teeth
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| types of treatment for hypodontia | may require prosthetic replacement
orthodontic eval. and tx maybe necessary
*may be component of syndrome--syndrome is group of findings that occur together so eval. patients for other abnormalities
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| ectodermal | no eyebrows/eyelashes
multiple missing teeth
cone-shaped anteriors
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| what is supernumerary teeth also known as | hyperdontia
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| what are supernumerary teeth most often seen | maxilla
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| what is supernumerary teeth | extra teeth found in dental arches
from formation of extra tooth buds in dental lamina, from cleavage of already existing tooth buds
occurs permanent or deciduous
found radiographic, unilateral or bilateral
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| what are mesiodens | most common supernumerary tooth
located b/t maxillary cental incisors
-may be inverted on radiographs, small tooth, short roots, conical crown
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| what are distomolar | second most common supernumerary tooth
located distal to 3rd molar
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| what syndrome can supernumerary teeth be associated with | cleidocranial dysplasia or Gardner syndrome
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| treatment for supernumerary teeth | erupted-removal if fucking other shit up
nonerupted- should be extracted b/c risk of developing cyst around crown
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| what is microdontia | +1 teeth smaller than normal
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| what is true generalized microdontia (hint who is it seen in) | seen in pituitary dwarf
all teeth smaller than normal
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| what is generalized relative microdontia? | normal sized teeth appear small in large jaw
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| which teeth are most commonly involved teeth with microdontia involving a single tooth? | maxillary lateral incisor
maxillary third molar
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| what is macrodontia? | +1 teeth larger than normal
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| what is true generalized macrodontia? | seen in pituitary giantism
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| what is relative generalized macrodontia? | large teeth in a small jaw
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| in what cases would macrodontia been seen affecting a single tooth? | cases of facial hemihypertrophy
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| what is gemination | single tooth germ attempts to divide in two
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| how does gemination appear radiographically? | usually one root and single pulp canal exist
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| how does gemination appear clinically? | two crowns joined together by notched incisal area
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| (T/F, referring to gemination) a patient doesn't have a full complement of teeth | false, they do
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| what is fusion? | union of two normally separate adjacent tooth germs
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| how does fusion appear clinically? | appears as single crown that occurs in place of two normal teeth
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| how does fusion appear radiographically? | either separate or fused roots and root cananls seen
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| (T/F, referring to fusion) this patient is usually short one tooth | true
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| what is concrescences? | two adjacent tooth united by cementum
-usually discovered on radiographs
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| (T/F, referring to concresences) if one tooth needs to be removed, it can be detached from the tooth it is fused to | False, both teeth need to be removed
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| what is hypercementosis? | excessive amounts of cementum on apcial third of root surface
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| how does the root appear during hypercementosis? | bulbous
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| does the perio. membrane stay intact around excessive cementum? | yesh!
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| what is dilaceration? | abnormal curve or bend in root of tooth
-usually discovered on radiographs
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| when do dilacerations cause a problem? | when tooth needs to be removed or a root canal is needed
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| what is an enamel pearl (and what is is also known as?) | small, spherical enamel projection on root surface
aka. enameloma
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| where are enamel pearls usually found? | maxillary molars
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| problems with enamel pearls? | difficult for instrumentation
can be mistaken for calculus
removal maybe necessary if perio. problem occurs in furcation
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| what is a talon cusp | accessory cusp located in cingulum area of maxillary/mandibular permanent incisor
-contains pulp horn, may interfere w/ occlusion
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| what is taurodontism (and what is it also known as?) | teeth have elongated pulp chambers and short roots
-occurs permanent and deciduous, id on radiographs
aka. bull like teeth
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| what are the abnormalities in the number of teeth? | anodontia, hypodontia, supernumerary-mesiodens,distomolars
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| what are the abnormalities in the size of the teeth | microdontia, macrodontia
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| what are the abnormalities in the shape of teeth? | gemination, fusion, concrescence, dilaceration, enamel pearl, talon cusp, taurodontism, dens in dente, dens evaginatus, supernumerary roots
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| what are the abnormalities of the tooth structure? | enamel hypoplasia, enamel hypocalcification, endogenous staining of teeth, regional odontodysplasia
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| what are the abnormalities of tooth eruption? | impacted teeth, embedded teeth, anklosed teeth
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| what is dens in dente (and what is it also known as?) | occurs when enamel organ invaginates into crown of tooth before mnineralization
aka. dens invaginatus
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| how does dens in dente appear radiographically? | appears as a tooth like structure w/in tooth
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| what are dens in dente vulnerable to? | caries, pulpal infections, necrosis
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| what is dens evaginatus? | accessory enamel cusp found on the occlusal tooth surface
-may cause occlusal problems
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| where is dens evaginatus most often seen? | mandibular premolars
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| where are supernumerary roots most common? | maxillary and mandibular 3rd molars if multirooted teeth involved
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| when would supernumerary roots become clinically significant? | if removal or endodontia is needed
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| what is enamel hypoplasia? | incomplete or defective formation of enamel
-affects permanent or deciduous
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| enamel hypoplasia may be due to what factors? | amelogenesis imperfecta, febrile illness (measles, chicken pox), vitamin deficiency, infection of a deciuous tooth, ingestion of fluoride, congenital syphilis, birth injury, idiopathic factors
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| what's Turner tooth? | enamel hypoplasia from infection or trauma to adult tooth from deciduous
usually single tooth affected
color yellow-brown, severe pitting, deformity]
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| what are one of the most sensitive cell groups in the body? | ameloblasts
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| enamel hypoplasia resulting from fluoride--ingestion of h2o w/ 2-3xs recommended amount leads to what type of appearance on the enamel | white flecks and chalky opaque areas of enamel
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| enamel hypoplasia resulting from fluoride--ingestion of 4xs recommended amount leads to what type of appearance on the enamel | causes brown or black staining
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| how is congenital syphilis transmitted? | infected mother to fetus via placenta
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| what causes Hutchinson incisors and mulberry molars? | enamel hypoplasia resulting from congenital syphilis
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| (T/F) enamel hypoplasia may occur due to trauma/injury at time of birth | True
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| (T/F) Mild illness or systemic problems can't really result in enamel hypoplasia | False, it can result in enamel hypoplasia
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| what is enamel hypocalcification? | developmental anomaly resulting in disturbance or maturation of enamel matrix
-underlaying enamel may be soft and susceptible to caries
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| how does enamel hypocalcification appear? | usually appears as a chalky, white spot on middle 3rd of smooth crown
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| what is endogenous staining of teeth? | result of deposition of substances circulating systemically during tooth development
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| (T/F) endogenous staining of teeth is intrinsic | true
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| what are some possible causes of endogenous staining of teeth? | tetracycline stain, erthroblastosis fetalis-Rh incompatible
neonatal liver disease
congenital porphyria -inherited metabolic disease
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| what a reregional odontodysplasia also known as? | ghost teeth
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| what is regional odontodysplasia? | one or several teeth in SAME QUADRANT exhibit marked reduction in radiodensity and characteristic ghostlike appearance
-very thin enamel and dentin are present
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| what is the tx for regional odontodysplasia? | extraction
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| what's the difference between impacted and embedded teeth? | impacted teeth-can't erupt b/c obstruction
embedded teeth- lack eruptive force
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| (T/F)only 3rd molars can be impacted | False. any tooth can be impacted
-3rd molars classified according to position of tooth
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| (T/F) teeth can be completely or partially impacted in bone | True, it can be either
-partially impacted teeth are prone to infection
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| what is the tx for impacted and embedded teeth? | remove to prevent odontogenic cyst, tumor formation, damamge to adjacent teeht, prevent infection
-optimal time b/t 12-24 years old
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| what are ankylosed teeth? | tooth cementum fused to bone
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| what is the problem with ankylosed teeth? | prevents exfoliation of deciduous tooth and eruption of permanents
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| (T/F) the periodontal ligament space is still present with ankylosed teeth? | False. the pdl space is lacking
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| why might ankylosed permanent teeth may need to be removed? | to prevent malocclusion, caries, periodontal disease
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