MC 2012 Fall MS with Crouch
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| Normal EF | 50-70%
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| EF may confirm HF dx | 35-40%
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| EF increases risk of sudden death | <35%
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| Hallmark sign of HF | ventricular remodeling
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| BNP for No HF | <100
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| BNP for HF | >300
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| ACE Inhibitor Action | decreases BP & diuresis to decrease O2 demands
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| Morphine ACtion | reduces preload & afterload to decrease workload, relaxes bronchioles, & enhances oxygenation
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| CAD S&S | DOE
Hx of elevated BP
Smoking
Poor Dietary habits
sedentary lifestyle
Obesity
Angina pectoris
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| Myocardial Ischemia | narrowing of artery more than 50% thus blood flow doesn't meet metabolic demands
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| MI S&S | EKG changes
elecation of cardiac enzymes, P, & BP
decreased O2 sat
elevated WBC
electrolyte abnormalities
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| 4 E's of Angina | Eating, Excitement, Environment, & Exercise
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| Mitral Valve Prolapse S&S | asymptomatic or midsystolic click
dysrhythmia, tachycardia, light-headedness, syncope, fatigue, lethargy, wekaness, chest tightness, anxiety, hyperventilation, depression, panic attack, atypical chest pain
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| Mitral Regurgitation can lead to | atrial dilation & fibrillation & finally HF
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| Complications of Cardiomyopathy | CHF major one, enlargement of septum, thromboemboli
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| Rheumatic Endocarditis | caused by streptococci
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| Normal Pericardial fluid amount | 20-50 mL
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| Pericarditis fluid amouunt | 1,500 mL
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| Myocaditis increased risk in | pregnant women
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| Complications of Pericarditis | pericardial effusion & HF
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| Complications of Myocarditis | pericarditis, arrhythmia, chronic dilated cardiomyopathy, HF
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| Major NI for HF patients | daily weights
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| Most common cause of left sided heart disease is | pulmonary edema
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| S&S of Pulmonary Edema | pink frothy sputum
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| Left HF | lungs
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| Right HF | peripheral
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| 5 P's of PAD | pulsessness, paralysis, parathesia, pain, & pallor
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| Hallmark sign of PAD | intermittent claudication
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| Bueger's disease | smoking or your legs
purple red dependent & pallor elevation
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| Raynaud's Disease dx made when? | 2 or more years of attacks
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| Complications of Aortic Aneurysm | rupture, cardiac arrest, hemorrhage, shock, & death
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| Reporting weights for HF | 2-3 lbs/day or 5 lbs/week
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| 4 Cardinal Signs of Cardiac Tamponade | falling systolic BP
narrowing pulse pressure
rising venous pressure
distant heart sounds
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| HTN level 1 | 140/90
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| Stable Angina | predictable & consistent & is relieved
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| Unstable Angina | no pattern increases in freq & severity not relieved; plaque ruptures not
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| Refractory | severe incapacitating
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| Variant | even at rest & EKG changes reversible
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| Silent | EKG changes no pain
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| 1st step to do with chest pain | sit & rest
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| if they have a mechanical valve it requires what? | life-long anticoagulation therapy
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| What is intermediate sodium level? | 2,400 mg/day
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| What is low sodium level? | 1,500 mg/day
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| What foods high in sodium should you limit? | cured foods
packed in brine
condiments
salt in pasta
etc
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| Endocarditis occurs most often with what? | prosthetic heart valves, structural defects, IV drug abusers, debilitating diseases, indwelling catheres, prolonged IV therapy
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| Prehypertension | 120-39/80-89
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| HTN Stage 2 | >160/100
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