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MS Exam 3
MC 2012 Fall MS with Crouch
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Normal EF | 50-70% |
| EF may confirm HF dx | 35-40% |
| EF increases risk of sudden death | <35% |
| Hallmark sign of HF | ventricular remodeling |
| BNP for No HF | <100 |
| BNP for HF | >300 |
| ACE Inhibitor Action | decreases BP & diuresis to decrease O2 demands |
| Morphine ACtion | reduces preload & afterload to decrease workload, relaxes bronchioles, & enhances oxygenation |
| CAD S&S | DOE Hx of elevated BP Smoking Poor Dietary habits sedentary lifestyle Obesity Angina pectoris |
| Myocardial Ischemia | narrowing of artery more than 50% thus blood flow doesn't meet metabolic demands |
| MI S&S | EKG changes elecation of cardiac enzymes, P, & BP decreased O2 sat elevated WBC electrolyte abnormalities |
| 4 E's of Angina | Eating, Excitement, Environment, & Exercise |
| Mitral Valve Prolapse S&S | asymptomatic or midsystolic click dysrhythmia, tachycardia, light-headedness, syncope, fatigue, lethargy, wekaness, chest tightness, anxiety, hyperventilation, depression, panic attack, atypical chest pain |
| Mitral Regurgitation can lead to | atrial dilation & fibrillation & finally HF |
| Complications of Cardiomyopathy | CHF major one, enlargement of septum, thromboemboli |
| Rheumatic Endocarditis | caused by streptococci |
| Normal Pericardial fluid amount | 20-50 mL |
| Pericarditis fluid amouunt | 1,500 mL |
| Myocaditis increased risk in | pregnant women |
| Complications of Pericarditis | pericardial effusion & HF |
| Complications of Myocarditis | pericarditis, arrhythmia, chronic dilated cardiomyopathy, HF |
| Major NI for HF patients | daily weights |
| Most common cause of left sided heart disease is | pulmonary edema |
| S&S of Pulmonary Edema | pink frothy sputum |
| Left HF | lungs |
| Right HF | peripheral |
| 5 P's of PAD | pulsessness, paralysis, parathesia, pain, & pallor |
| Hallmark sign of PAD | intermittent claudication |
| Bueger's disease | smoking or your legs purple red dependent & pallor elevation |
| Raynaud's Disease dx made when? | 2 or more years of attacks |
| Complications of Aortic Aneurysm | rupture, cardiac arrest, hemorrhage, shock, & death |
| Reporting weights for HF | 2-3 lbs/day or 5 lbs/week |
| 4 Cardinal Signs of Cardiac Tamponade | falling systolic BP narrowing pulse pressure rising venous pressure distant heart sounds |
| HTN level 1 | 140/90 |
| Stable Angina | predictable & consistent & is relieved |
| Unstable Angina | no pattern increases in freq & severity not relieved; plaque ruptures not |
| Refractory | severe incapacitating |
| Variant | even at rest & EKG changes reversible |
| Silent | EKG changes no pain |
| 1st step to do with chest pain | sit & rest |
| if they have a mechanical valve it requires what? | life-long anticoagulation therapy |
| What is intermediate sodium level? | 2,400 mg/day |
| What is low sodium level? | 1,500 mg/day |
| What foods high in sodium should you limit? | cured foods packed in brine condiments salt in pasta etc |
| Endocarditis occurs most often with what? | prosthetic heart valves, structural defects, IV drug abusers, debilitating diseases, indwelling catheres, prolonged IV therapy |
| Prehypertension | 120-39/80-89 |
| HTN Stage 2 | >160/100 |
Created by:
midnight1854
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