CH5 notes
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | Process by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior or potential behavior. Ex: academic learning, turning of a light in a rm, or dancing, etc
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| show | basic form of learning, used for animals & humans, it’s the acquisition of specific patterns of behaviors in the presence of well defined stimuli.
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| What is classical conditioning? | show 🗑
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| show | classical conditioning
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| show | Unconditioned Stimulus (US), unconditioned response(UR), Conditioned Stimulus(CS), & Conditioned Response (CR)
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| show | stimulus invariably causes an organism to respond in a specific way, Ex: food causes salvation
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| element 2: What is the Unconditioned Response (UR)? | show 🗑
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| element 3: What is the Conditioned Stimulus (CS)? | show 🗑
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| element 4: What is the Conditioned Response? | show 🗑
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| What is Desensitization Therapy? | show 🗑
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| show | responses prompted by a sudden change in environment. Ex: babies look in direction of noise
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| What is Habituation? | show 🗑
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| show | complex preprogrammed behavior ( salmon swim upstream to spawn)
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| show | forming an attachment to the first moving object near them(only in animals)
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| show | Stimulus: trigger(S)
Response: reaction(R)
Condition: train (C)
“un”=not (U)
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| show | immune depressing drugs are unconditioned stimuli (US) & are paired w/conditioned stimuli (CS) such as taste or smell. After pairing these two for a while the CS will suppress the immune system, it’s beneficial bc it doesn’t show any side effects.
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| What is Conditioned food(or taste)aversion? | show 🗑
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| facts about taste aversions | show 🗑
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| Cancer patients and taste aversions | show 🗑
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| show | • Due to nausea caused by chemotherapy drugs patients develop strong taste aversions for food eaten before/after injections of the chemotherapy
• Even though the patient knows the food didn’t cause the nausea.
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| show | irrational fears of specific things. Person develops fear after being associated w/a frightening stimulus. Ex: Watson & little Albert, “Flight or fight” kicks in to the person when associated.
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| show | Mary Cover Jones( she used classical conditioning w/candy).
And Desensitization Therapy: learning to relax in the midst of fears Joseph Wolpe.
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| How does Desensitization therapy relieve fears? | show 🗑
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| show | Yes, ALWAYS comes first before the US or the Classical Conditioning won’t work. The CS has to come a few seconds prior to the US.
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| What is Lupus? | show 🗑
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| What is a good treatment for lupus? | show 🗑
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| Timing for Lupus Treatment: | show 🗑
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| What is simultaneous conditoning? | show 🗑
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| show | behavior designed to operate on the environment in a way that will gain something desired or to avoid something unpleasant operant or instrumental . They are not automatic reflexes caused by biologically important stimuli.
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| What is Operant or Instrumental Conditioning? | show 🗑
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| What is a reinforcer? | show 🗑
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| show | a stimulus that follows a behavior & decreases the likelihood that that specific behavior will be repeated.
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| What is the Law of Effect? | show 🗑
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| show | (PR): any event whose presence increases the likelihood that ongoing behavior will recur.
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| What is a Negative Reinforcer? | show 🗑
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| What does Positive and Negative have in common? | show 🗑
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| What is punishment? | show 🗑
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| show | Learning a desirable behavior to prevent the occurrence of something unpleasant such as punishment.
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| show | some behaviors are easier to train than others, learning is less likely for any behavior that an animal isn’t likely to perform naturally.
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| What is superstitious behavior? | show 🗑
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| What is learned helplessness? | show 🗑
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| What is biofeedback? | show 🗑
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| What is neurofeedback? | show 🗑
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| What does Bio&Neurofeedback have in common? | show 🗑
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| What is Response acquisition/trial? | show 🗑
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| show | Pairing the CS & the US on only some of the learning trials & presenting them separately on other trials is this. A procedure that reduces both the rate of learning & the final level of learning achieved.
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| show | Behavior we want to teach is usually voluntary & is not inevitably triggered by outside events.
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| show | To reinforce successive approximations to the desired behavior,
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| What is the Skinner Box? | show 🗑
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| What is Extinction? | show 🗑
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| What is Spontaneous Recovery? | show 🗑
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| What are two things that occur in the OC? | show 🗑
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| show | One way we overcome interference.
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| What is Stimulus Generalization? | show 🗑
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| What is Stimulus Discrimination? | show 🗑
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| show | Doesn’t occur in classical conditioning, occurs in OC, giving a response that is different from the response originally learned to that stimulus.
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| show | Conditioning based on previous learning
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| show | A reinforcer that’s rewarding in itself, such as food, water, & sex
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| show | A reinforcer where learning is required, the value is acquired through association w/other primary or secondary reinforcers.
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| What is Contingency? | show 🗑
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| What is blocking? | show 🗑
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| show | in OC, whenever partial reinforcement is given, SOR determines when & how often reinforcers will be delivered.
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| What is Partal Reinforcement? | show 🗑
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| What is Fixed-Interval scheduleing? | show 🗑
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| show | a reinforcement schedule in which the correct response, is reinforced after varying lengths of time following the last reinforcement.
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| show | a reinforcement schedule in which correct response is reinforced after a fixed number of correct responses. After this schedule a brief pause after reinforcement is followed by a rapid & steady response rate until next reinforcement.
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| show | a reinforcement schedule in which a varying number of correct responses must occur before reinforcement is presented.
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| show | Reinforcement every time the response is made. 1-1
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| What is cognitive learning?Who pioneered it? | show 🗑
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| show | Learning that’s not immediately reflected in a behavior change. Ex: social learning
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| What is a Cognitive Map? | show 🗑
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| What is insight? | show 🗑
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| show | German Gestalt Psychologist Wolfgang Kohler, did experiments on insight w/chimpanzees.
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| What is a learning set/who started this? | show 🗑
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| What is the social learning theory/who started this? | show 🗑
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| What is observational or vicarious learning? | show 🗑
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