Heart Failure
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| Heart Failure | abnormal clinical condition that describes impaired cardiac pumping resulting in the characteristic pathophysiological changes of vasocontriction and fluid retention
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| Is HF a disease? What is it associated with? | HF is not a disease. Associated with hypertension, CAD, MI.
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| What are characteristics of HF? | Ventricular dysfunction, reduced exercise tolerance, diminished quality of life, and shortened life expectancy.
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| What are contributing factors to HF? | Hypertension is a major contributing factor. Diabetes Mellitus contributes the formation of HF regardless if the person has CAD or CAD.
Cigarrette smoking, obesity, and high serum cholesterol.
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| Major causes of HF can be divided into two groups: | 1. Primary causes - anemia, hypertension, CAD, pulmonary embolus
2. Precipitating causes - increase the workload of the ventricles, causing a decompensated condition that leads to decreased MI.
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| Systolic HF | most common type of HF, results from the inability of the heart to pump blood. Caused by a defect in the ability of the ventricles to contract (pump) or by increased after load or mechanical abnormalities.
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| Left ventricle (in relation to systolic HF) | loses its ability to generate enough pressure to eject blood forward through the high pressure aorta.
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| Systolic HF (cont.) | caused by impaired contractile function (MI), increased afterload (hypertension), cardiomyopathy, and mechanical abnormalities (valvular heart disease)
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| The Hallmark for systolic HF | decrease in the left ventricular ejection fraction (the fraction or percentage of total amount of blood in the LV that is ejecting during each ventricular contraction)
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| Diastolic HF | impaired ability of the ventricles to fill during diastole
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