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chap 24

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Drug
Class
Indication
Mechanisms
Side effetcs
Different
Entacapone   Parkinsons   enhance effectiveness of levodopa   stabilize dopamine levels   diarrhea,nausea    
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bromocriptine   dopamine receptor agonist   advanced cases of Parkinson's   directly activate dopamine receptors   nausea(stimulated dopamin receptor),confusion,dyskinesias,sedation,vivid dreams,hallucinations   advanced parkinsons, in people with wear of and on-off effects  
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Pramipexole   dopamine receptor agonist   delay the need for levodopa in early Parkinson's,restless legs syndrome,paraesthesia,reduce "off" period and decrease the levodopa dosage requirement     dizziness,hallucinations,insomnia,nausea,vomiting,sedation    
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ropinirole   dopamine receptor agonist   restless legs syndrome,paraesthesia     same as pramipexole   transdermal patch preparation  
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benztropine, trihexyphenidyl   acetylcholine receptor antagonist   early and advance Parkinsons's disease   anticholinergic,muscarinic receptors   agitation,confusion,constipatino, delirium,dry mouth,memory loss,urinary retention,tachycardia   more effective in reducing tremors than in other magnifestation of parkinson  
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donepezil   centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitors   alzheimer's disease (slow the deterioration of cognitive function)   inhibits choninesterase in CNS and increases acetylcholine levels   bradycardia,diarrhea,GI bleeding,nausea and vomiting;    
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tacrine   first centrally acting cholinesterase in Alzheimers   Alzheimer's     bradycardia,diarrhea,GI bleeding,nausea and vomiting; urinary incontinence, diarrhea,hepatotoxicity   lower bioavailability and shorter half-live than donepezil  
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Rivastigmine,galantamine   reversible choninesterase inhibitors   Alzheimers     bradycardia,AV block,nausea,vomiting,anorexia,weight loss   transdermal  
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memantine   noncompetitive antagonist at (NMDA) receptor   Alzheimer        
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interferon beta-1b     relapsing forms of MS   immunomodulator   chills,diarrhea,fever,headache,hypertensino,myalgia,pain,vomiting    
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baclofen   antispatic drugs   MS, ALS     dizzeness, fatigue,weakness,    
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prednisone   adrenal corticosteroid drugs   MS   antiinflammatory activity, shorten the duration of exacerbations,ameliorate symptoms, decreasing edema   aggravation of diabetes mellitus, GI bleeding, moo d changes, pancreatitis, seizures   orally or parenterally  
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riluzole   first drug approved for ALS   ALS   prolong time before pt require a tracheotomy, prolong life 3 months, inhibit voltage-gated sodium channels   asthenia,diarrhea,dizziness,drowsiness,incresed hepatic enzyme levels,nausea,vomiting,paresthesia,vertigo   more effective in those with bulbar-onset disease than in those with limb-onset disease  
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gabapentin   antiepileptic drug   ALS     ataxia,dizziness,drowsiness,nystagmus,tremor    
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levodopa   Parkinson's   Parkinson’s disease & parkinsonian symptoms   increase dopamine levels by increase dopamin synthesis   Nausea & vomiting, Orthostatic ,hypotension, Cardiac arrhythmias, Dyskinesias, Hallucinations & distorted thinking   "wear-off" effect, "on-off"phenomenon; precursors of dopamine  
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selegiline (rasagiline)   Parkinson's, MOA-B   early or mild Parkinson's, adjunct with levodopa - carbidopa combination   inhibit dopamine breakdown   confusion,dyskinesias,hallucination,hypotension,insomnia,nausea    
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carbidopa   Parkinson's   increase levodopa level ->increase dopamine synthesis, reduce "wear-off" effect   inhibits LAAD     levodopa carbidopa combination  
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Amantadine   Parkinson's   prevent and treat influenze, early or mild Parkinson's, adjunct to levodopa   increase the release of dopamine   sedation,restlessness,vivid dreams,nausea,dry mouth,hypotension,"livedo reticularis (reddish-blue mottling of skin with edema)   better tolerated than levodopa, but less effective  
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