ANP1040 CH6
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| Name the 6 functions of the skin. |
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| What type of protein does the epidermis contain that gives is its durability? | Keratin pg 181
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| If the skin carries out the first step of Vitamin D synthesis, what organs complete the process? | Kidneys & liver pg 181
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| Why is Vitamin D synthesis important? | It is needed for bone development & maintenance. pg 181
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| Where areas do you find most of our sensory receptors in the skin? | Face, palms, fingers, soles, nipples, & genitals, fewer on the back, on knees & elbows. pg 182
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| What are the cutaneous nerve endings that monitor body surface temp called? | Thermoreceptors pg 182
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| How does the skin respond to hot and cold? Explain in detail. | Cold = constricts blood vessels (vasoconstriction) in the dermis to keep blood deeper in the body for warmth.
Excessive heat = Dialates blood vessels (vasodilation) to increase blood flow to surface to lose heat. pg 182
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| If vasodilation is insufficient, what else does the body do to cool the body? | As a back up response to excessive heat, sweat glands release perspiration. The evaporation of sweat has a cooling effect. pg 182
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| Describe the histological make up of the epidermis? | Made up of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. pg 182
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| How does the epidermis get its nutrients? | Diffusion from underlying connective tissue. pg 183
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| Name the 5 types of cells that compose the epidermis. | - Stem cells
- Keratinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Tactile (Merkel) cells
- Dendritic (Langerhans) cells
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| Where are stem cells found in the epidermis? | Found in the deepest layer of the epidermis called the stratum basale.
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| What is the majority cell in the epidermis and what is its function? | Keratinocytes. Synthesize keratin.
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| Where are melanocytes found and what do they do? | Found in the stratum basale of the epidermis and synthesize brown to black pigment called melanin.
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| What protective advantage does pigment provide? | Protects our DNA from UV radiation.
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| What are Tactile (Merkel) cell? | Receptors for touch located in the basal layer of the epidermis.
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| Where are "Dendritic (Langerhans) Cells" located & what do they do? | Found in the stratum spinosum & stratum granulosum of the epidermis. Immune cells that originated in the liver & migrated to the skin to stand guard against microbes, toxins, & other pathogens that penetrate the skin.
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| Besides the skin, where else does "Dendritic (Langerhans) Cells" migrate? | Epithelial of the oral cavity, esophagus & vagina.
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| True / False: The epidermis is made of of living cells. | False - It consists of dead cells packed w/ tough protein called keratin.
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| True / False: The epidermis is supplied by blood vessels. | False. Lacks blood vessels.
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| Name the 5 layers of the epidermis. |
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| What type of tissue regenerates more rapidly than any other area in the body? | epidermis
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| Excessive keratinocytes multiplication is called: ___________________. | calluses or corns
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| What type of tissue makes up the dermis & what is it composed of? | Connective tissue (consists mainly of collagen and some elastic, reticular fibers, fibroblasts, other fibrous connective tissue)
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| The dermis is well supplied by what 3 things? | - blood vessels
- cutaneous glands
- nerve endings
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| Where are hair follicles & nail roots embedded? | The Dermis
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| What are the muscles called that contract involuntarily in response to stimuli such as fear, cold and touch? This response causes the hairs to stand up. | Piloerector muscles
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| The finger-like extensions (upward waves) of the boundary between epidermis & dermis are called __________________. | Dermal papillae
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| The finger-like extensions (downward waves) of the boundary between epidermis & dermis are called __________________. | Epidermal ridges
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| What are the wavy boundaries on the fingertips called that leave fingerprints on the things we touch? | friction ridges
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| 2 zones of dermis |
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| Another name for the hypodermis is _____________. | Subcutaneous tissue
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| Where is most injections given & why? | Subcutaneous (hypodermis) tissue because it is very vascular for quicker absorption.
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| What are the functions of subcutaneous? | Energy reservoir, insulation
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