BIO205 - Ch 4 - Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells - RioSalado - AZ
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
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| show | DNA in single, circular arranged chromosome w/o membrane - lack membrane - enclosed organelles
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| Structural characteristics of eukaryotes. | show 🗑
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| show | Prokaryotes
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| Protozoa & fungi are? | show 🗑
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| What main difference is there between prokaryote & eukaryote? | show 🗑
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| show | (1) No DNA membrane, (2) DNA w/no histones, (3) lack membrane-enclosed organelles, (4) cell wall w/polysaccharide peptidoglycan, & (5) binary fission.
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| Binary fission | show 🗑
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| show | (1) DNA in nucleus w/membrane & multiple chromosomes, (2) DNA associated w/histone, (3) membrane-enclosed organelles, (4) cell walls chemically simple, (5) mitosis.
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| show | Coccus (berries), bacillus (rod-shaped), & spiral
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| show | Cocci that remain in pairs after dividing.
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| show | Cocci that divide & are attached in chainlike pattern.
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| Tetrads | show 🗑
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| show | Cocci in 3 planes & remain in cubelike groups of 8.
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| Staphylococci | show 🗑
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| Why are there fewer groupings of bacilli than cocci? | show 🗑
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| Diplobacilli | show 🗑
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| show | Appear in chains after division
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| Coccobacilli | show 🗑
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| Bacillus cells often form __. | show 🗑
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| What is the difference between bacillus & Bacillus? | show 🗑
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| Vibrios | show 🗑
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| Spirilla | show 🗑
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| Spirochetes | show 🗑
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| show | Maintain a single shape
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| show | Bacteria
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| show | Glycocalyx, flagella, axial filaments, finbriae & pili.
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| Glycocalyx | show 🗑
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| show | Firmly attached sugar coat around prokaryote that can be determined by using negative staining.
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| show | Loosely attached glycocalyx (sugar coat) around prokaryote.
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| Capsules are important in contributing to bacterial __. | show 🗑
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| Capsules often protect pathogenic bacteria __. | show 🗑
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| Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) | show 🗑
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| Atrichous | show 🗑
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| Monotrichous | show 🗑
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| show | Filament, hook, basal body
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| show | flagellin
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| Difference between prokaryote & eukaryote flagella. | show 🗑
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| What anchors flagellum to cell wall & plasma membrane? | show 🗑
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| show | Spirochetes move using axial filaments/endoflagella.
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| show | Axial filaments - bundles of fibrils that arise at ends of cell beneath outer sheath & spiral around cell.
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| show | in a spiral motion like a cork screw.
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| fimbriae | show 🗑
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| show | Longer than fimbrae & join bacterial cells for transfer of DNA.
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| show | Process by which bacteria use pili to transfer DNA from one cell to another.
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| What is the function of fimbriae? | show 🗑
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| show | cell walls
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| Major function of cell wall. | show 🗑
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| What is used to differentiate major types of bacteria? | show 🗑
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| Gram-positive cell walls contain? | show 🗑
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| Gram-negative cell walls do not contain __. | show 🗑
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| show | Gram negative because they only contain a small amount of peptidoglycan.
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| show | Certain antibiotics & digestive enzymes.
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| show | Mycoplasmas - pass through most filters.
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| show | Peptidoglycan - have pseudomurein instead.
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| show | Mycolic acid - resists dyes because it is waxy.
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| Why are prokaryote plasma membranes less rigid than eukaryotes? | show 🗑
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| Chromatophores | show 🗑
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| How does simple diffusion differ from facilitated? | show 🗑
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| What is osmosis? | show 🗑
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| show | No net movement of water
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| show | Water moves into cell & may cause cell to burst.
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| show | Water moves out of cell, causing shrinkage.
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| show | Water moving into a cell & it bursts.
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| Plasmolysis | show 🗑
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| Osmotic pressure | show 🗑
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| Most bacteria live in __ solutions. | show 🗑
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| Group translocation | show 🗑
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| show | The differences allow the cell to be killed by the antibiotic, yet leave eukaryote host unaffected.
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| Inclusions | show 🗑
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| show | Reserve of inorganic phosphate for ATP.
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| Nucleoid | show 🗑
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| Plasmids | show 🗑
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| Endospores | show 🗑
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| show | When essential nutrients are depletes in certain gram-positive bacteria.
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| show | Process of endospore formation
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| show | When endospore returns to health later - water enters.
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| show | Alge, protozoa, fungi, plants, & animals.
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| What is antibiotic significance of eukaryote cells not containing peptidoglycan? | show 🗑
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| How do plasma membranes differ between eukaryote and prokaryote. | show 🗑
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| cytosol | show 🗑
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| cytoplasmic streaming | show 🗑
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| Many enzymes found in cytoplasmic fluid of prokaryote are sequestered in __ of eukaryote. | show 🗑
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| show | Movement of substances between nucleus & cytoplasm.
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| Nucleoli/nucleolus | show 🗑
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| Cisterns | show 🗑
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| ER contains __ & synthesizes __. | show 🗑
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| show | Package substances in vesicles for transport.
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| Cristae | show 🗑
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| show | mitochondria
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| Many of the metabolic steps involved in cellular respiration are concentrated in __. | show 🗑
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| Chloroplast | show 🗑
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| Chlorophyll is contained in what sacs? | show 🗑
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| show | chloroplasts
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| show | How they reproduce - increase in size - then divide in two.
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| peroxisomes | show 🗑
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| Peroxisomes protect other cell parts from __. | show 🗑
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| show | Centrioles & pericentricular material - miotic spindle organizing center.
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| show | Larger bacterial cell lost their cell walls & engulfed smaller bacterial cells & so eukaryotes formed.
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| Similar to bacterial cells, both mitochondria & chloroplasts contain __. | show 🗑
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