CFN 403 Biophysical - PART 2
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| The superior chambers of the heart are known as | left & right atria
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| The two inferior (bottom) chambers of the heart are known as | the ventricles
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| The ventricles and atria are separated by a | septum
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| Two large veins called the superior and inferior ? bring blood into the ? of the heart | Vena Cava, right atrium
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| From the right atria the blood passes into ? via the tricuspid valve | right ventricle
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| From the right ventricle the blood is passed to the ? | Pulmonary artery
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| Where does the blood go after the pulmonary artery? | to pulmonary aterioles to be oxygenated
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| The oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the ? where it enters into the ? of the heart | pulmonary veins, left atrium
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| After passing into the left ventricle the blood is pumped out of the heart via the | Aorta (from where it circulates around the body)
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| The heart has its own blood supply - list eh main vessels in the coronary circulation from where blood leaves the aorta | left & right coronary arteries - first branch of arteries, then to capillaries back to cardiac veins to the coronary sinus to the aorta
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| Arteries carry what type of blood away from your heart? | Oxygenated
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| The pulmonary arteries carries deoxygenated blood to where? | the lungs
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| Haemaglobin carries what through the blood? | Oxygen
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| A pulse is felt... | wherever an artery crosses the bone
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| How many layers does an artery have? | 3 - the middle layer is smooth muscle. Arteries have more muscle so they can pulse
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| Veins have a ? muscle layer | thin
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| What does sustole mean? | Squeeze (sustolic)
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| What does diatole mean? | Relax (diastolic)
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| What does aystole mean? | No heartbeat
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| What is blood made up of | Red blood cells, plasma, white blood cells (leucocytes, platelets
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| The red blood cells (ethrocytes) carried how many haemaglobin? | 4 - red blood cells are shapped like a button and contain 4 haemaglobin on top.
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| What is plasma? | fluid medium for cells to move around. is made up of 90% water and the rest is nutrients/hormones
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| What is the purpose of white blood cells? | To fight infection
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| What are platelets and what do they do? | tiny pieces of cell that make blood clots form to stop bleeding
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| What are some examples of White blood cells? | Granulocytes & neutrophils (clean up)
eosinophils & basophils (fight disease)
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| In babies and young children where are blood cells made? | In the bone marrow
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| In adults where are the majority of blood cells made? | In the vertebrate
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| What is life span of a red blood cell? | 4 months (120 days)
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| What is the life span of a white blood cell | only lives for a short time - and only made when needed
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| How long do platelets survive for? | 9 days!
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| Where would you find the femoral artery? | Along the femur (thigh) bone
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| Where would you find the radial artery? | Down by your wrist
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| Where is the carotid artery? | In your neck
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| to recap...in the hear the blood goes in the ? and out through the? | in the artiums and out the ventricles
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| The poplitteal artery is found where? | Behind the knee
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| Respiratory system (yay!)....What is the medical name for oxygen starvation? | Asphyxia
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| What is the medical name for normal quiet breathing? | Eupnea
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| What is the medical term for a collapsed lung | atelctasis
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| Sounds heard in the lungs that resemble bubbling are called?? | Rales
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| irregular breathing beginning with shallow breaths that increase in depth and rapidity then decreases and cease altogether is called? | cheyne-stokes
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| Inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles is called | bronchitis
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| List 5 functions of the upper respiratory tract: | filter, warm, moisten the incoming air, inhale, exhale
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| The tracheal has a ciliated mucous membrane. what is the function of the cilia? | movement to get foreign bodies out of the lungs.
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| Why does the trachea have C shaped cartilage rings? | To prevent the trachea from collapsing and also to protect it.
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| The mouth contains what? | Teeth (34+wisdom) used for mastication, Tastebuds - sweet/sour, salt & bitter
tongue - for mastication (chewing & swallowing), & diction (speech)
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| Name three salivary enzymes and their purpose | Lysozyme & IgA (antibacterial)
Amylase (breaks down start into simpler sugars)
Salivary Lipase - begins fat digestion - added into saliva but acts later.
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| The mouth breaks food down into a what? | Bolus
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| Food in the stomach is referred to as | Chyme
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| The cardiac sphincter is where on the stomach? | The top
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| Where is the phyloric sphincter on the stomach? | at the bottom
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| How does food move through the digestive system? | using peristalsis (contracting and releasing)
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| What does the mucous membrane in the stomach contain? | Acid glands
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| What acid is released in the stomach and what does it do? | Hydochhloric acid - breaks down food, works on the lipase and starts to break it down. HCl activates protease enzyme which digests protein in stomach.
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| The stomach contains what which curdles milk? | Rennin
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| Why is the stomach lining not all flat? | Because it increases the surface area = increased absorption.
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| What is the purpose of the mucous membrane? | To protect from the HCl
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| The pancreas releases what? What are they used for? | digestive enzymes. To breakdown carbohydrates, proteins & fats. It is highly alkaline to neutralise the chyme from the stomach
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| The pancreatic juices drop into the duodenum and bile duct - name 3 pancreatic juices | Trypsin - breaks down protein
Amalyase - breaks down carbohydrates
Lipase - turns fat into fatty acids
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| The Islets of Langehans on the pancreas produce what? | Insulin which goes into blood
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| What does insulin do? | gets sugar into cells. The only part of the body that doesn't need insulin is the brain.
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| The small intestine has three parts. name them. | The duodenum (Beginning), the jejunum (middle) and the illium (end)
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| Where is bile produced, where is it stored and what does it do? | Produced in liver, stored in gall bladder and enters into bile duct into duodenum - breaks down fat
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| What does the liver do? | converts glucose to glycogen, makes urea, makes amino acids, filters harmful substances, stores vitamins & minerals and maintains proper levels of glucose in the blood.
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| Why does the small intestine have villi? | to increase the surface areas, slows the passage of food and more can be absorbed
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| What are the 4 parts of the large intestine? | Ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid (s bend)
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| What is used to make the bulk of cell structure and functional substances such as enzymes? | Amino Acids (proteins)
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| The most used substance for producing the energy rich ATP is called? | Carbohydrates
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| The enzyme that digests protein in the stomach is called? | Protease
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| The absorption of most of the digested nutrients takes place in the walls of the?? | Small intestine (jejunum)
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| Sugars (Carbs) C6H12O6 (Glucose) + O2 = ? | Energy, CO2 and H2O vapour
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| What is neutral pH? | 7 (water should be this)
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| What does G.I. mean? | Glycaemic index (sugar in blood)(should be 4-7)
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| The adrenal glands are found where ? | On top of kidneys
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| Ureters go from the kidneys to the ? | Bladder
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| The outside of the kidney is called the | Fibrous Capsule
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| From the bladder the urine passes down the ? | Urethra
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| What is the function of the mucous membrane in the urinary system? | To protect against the acid of urine
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| Approximately what percentage of cardiac output passes through the kidneys with each circulation of the blood? | 25% (1200 mls of blood per minute)
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| What three processes are performed by the kidney to form urine? | Filtration - renal corpusles
Reabsorption (renal tubules)- some water, glucose & salts (renal tubules)
Secretion
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| The funny shaped part inside the kidneys is called the | Calyx major (at top) and calyx minor (at bottom)
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| the round parts in the mid layer of the kidneys are called the | renal pyramids
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| The layer between the pyramids and the fibrous capsule is called the | cortex
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| Why can kidney disease lead to high glucose levels in the urine? | If kidneys not processing properly then glucose doesn't get reabsorbed and ends up being secreted. If protein in urine it is because they aren't working properly.
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| How do sperm move? | they are filled with lots of mitochondria to give it energy to move
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| Ovaries are not attached to fallopian tubes - true or false? | True
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| Name 5 hormones produced in the brain (pituitary gland) and ovaries... | Oestrogen, progesterone, Lutenising, follicle stimulating, oxytocin
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| What are the 3 salivary glands | Salivary glands - parotid (at back), sublingual (under tongue), submandular - (under jaw)
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Created by:
Clare C
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