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CFN 403 Part 2
CFN 403 Biophysical - PART 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The superior chambers of the heart are known as | left & right atria |
| The two inferior (bottom) chambers of the heart are known as | the ventricles |
| The ventricles and atria are separated by a | septum |
| Two large veins called the superior and inferior ? bring blood into the ? of the heart | Vena Cava, right atrium |
| From the right atria the blood passes into ? via the tricuspid valve | right ventricle |
| From the right ventricle the blood is passed to the ? | Pulmonary artery |
| Where does the blood go after the pulmonary artery? | to pulmonary aterioles to be oxygenated |
| The oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the ? where it enters into the ? of the heart | pulmonary veins, left atrium |
| After passing into the left ventricle the blood is pumped out of the heart via the | Aorta (from where it circulates around the body) |
| The heart has its own blood supply - list eh main vessels in the coronary circulation from where blood leaves the aorta | left & right coronary arteries - first branch of arteries, then to capillaries back to cardiac veins to the coronary sinus to the aorta |
| Arteries carry what type of blood away from your heart? | Oxygenated |
| The pulmonary arteries carries deoxygenated blood to where? | the lungs |
| Haemaglobin carries what through the blood? | Oxygen |
| A pulse is felt... | wherever an artery crosses the bone |
| How many layers does an artery have? | 3 - the middle layer is smooth muscle. Arteries have more muscle so they can pulse |
| Veins have a ? muscle layer | thin |
| What does sustole mean? | Squeeze (sustolic) |
| What does diatole mean? | Relax (diastolic) |
| What does aystole mean? | No heartbeat |
| What is blood made up of | Red blood cells, plasma, white blood cells (leucocytes, platelets |
| The red blood cells (ethrocytes) carried how many haemaglobin? | 4 - red blood cells are shapped like a button and contain 4 haemaglobin on top. |
| What is plasma? | fluid medium for cells to move around. is made up of 90% water and the rest is nutrients/hormones |
| What is the purpose of white blood cells? | To fight infection |
| What are platelets and what do they do? | tiny pieces of cell that make blood clots form to stop bleeding |
| What are some examples of White blood cells? | Granulocytes & neutrophils (clean up) eosinophils & basophils (fight disease) |
| In babies and young children where are blood cells made? | In the bone marrow |
| In adults where are the majority of blood cells made? | In the vertebrate |
| What is life span of a red blood cell? | 4 months (120 days) |
| What is the life span of a white blood cell | only lives for a short time - and only made when needed |
| How long do platelets survive for? | 9 days! |
| Where would you find the femoral artery? | Along the femur (thigh) bone |
| Where would you find the radial artery? | Down by your wrist |
| Where is the carotid artery? | In your neck |
| to recap...in the hear the blood goes in the ? and out through the? | in the artiums and out the ventricles |
| The poplitteal artery is found where? | Behind the knee |
| Respiratory system (yay!)....What is the medical name for oxygen starvation? | Asphyxia |
| What is the medical name for normal quiet breathing? | Eupnea |
| What is the medical term for a collapsed lung | atelctasis |
| Sounds heard in the lungs that resemble bubbling are called?? | Rales |
| irregular breathing beginning with shallow breaths that increase in depth and rapidity then decreases and cease altogether is called? | cheyne-stokes |
| Inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles is called | bronchitis |
| List 5 functions of the upper respiratory tract: | filter, warm, moisten the incoming air, inhale, exhale |
| The tracheal has a ciliated mucous membrane. what is the function of the cilia? | movement to get foreign bodies out of the lungs. |
| Why does the trachea have C shaped cartilage rings? | To prevent the trachea from collapsing and also to protect it. |
| The mouth contains what? | Teeth (34+wisdom) used for mastication, Tastebuds - sweet/sour, salt & bitter tongue - for mastication (chewing & swallowing), & diction (speech) |
| Name three salivary enzymes and their purpose | Lysozyme & IgA (antibacterial) Amylase (breaks down start into simpler sugars) Salivary Lipase - begins fat digestion - added into saliva but acts later. |
| The mouth breaks food down into a what? | Bolus |
| Food in the stomach is referred to as | Chyme |
| The cardiac sphincter is where on the stomach? | The top |
| Where is the phyloric sphincter on the stomach? | at the bottom |
| How does food move through the digestive system? | using peristalsis (contracting and releasing) |
| What does the mucous membrane in the stomach contain? | Acid glands |
| What acid is released in the stomach and what does it do? | Hydochhloric acid - breaks down food, works on the lipase and starts to break it down. HCl activates protease enzyme which digests protein in stomach. |
| The stomach contains what which curdles milk? | Rennin |
| Why is the stomach lining not all flat? | Because it increases the surface area = increased absorption. |
| What is the purpose of the mucous membrane? | To protect from the HCl |
| The pancreas releases what? What are they used for? | digestive enzymes. To breakdown carbohydrates, proteins & fats. It is highly alkaline to neutralise the chyme from the stomach |
| The pancreatic juices drop into the duodenum and bile duct - name 3 pancreatic juices | Trypsin - breaks down protein Amalyase - breaks down carbohydrates Lipase - turns fat into fatty acids |
| The Islets of Langehans on the pancreas produce what? | Insulin which goes into blood |
| What does insulin do? | gets sugar into cells. The only part of the body that doesn't need insulin is the brain. |
| The small intestine has three parts. name them. | The duodenum (Beginning), the jejunum (middle) and the illium (end) |
| Where is bile produced, where is it stored and what does it do? | Produced in liver, stored in gall bladder and enters into bile duct into duodenum - breaks down fat |
| What does the liver do? | converts glucose to glycogen, makes urea, makes amino acids, filters harmful substances, stores vitamins & minerals and maintains proper levels of glucose in the blood. |
| Why does the small intestine have villi? | to increase the surface areas, slows the passage of food and more can be absorbed |
| What are the 4 parts of the large intestine? | Ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid (s bend) |
| What is used to make the bulk of cell structure and functional substances such as enzymes? | Amino Acids (proteins) |
| The most used substance for producing the energy rich ATP is called? | Carbohydrates |
| The enzyme that digests protein in the stomach is called? | Protease |
| The absorption of most of the digested nutrients takes place in the walls of the?? | Small intestine (jejunum) |
| Sugars (Carbs) C6H12O6 (Glucose) + O2 = ? | Energy, CO2 and H2O vapour |
| What is neutral pH? | 7 (water should be this) |
| What does G.I. mean? | Glycaemic index (sugar in blood)(should be 4-7) |
| The adrenal glands are found where ? | On top of kidneys |
| Ureters go from the kidneys to the ? | Bladder |
| The outside of the kidney is called the | Fibrous Capsule |
| From the bladder the urine passes down the ? | Urethra |
| What is the function of the mucous membrane in the urinary system? | To protect against the acid of urine |
| Approximately what percentage of cardiac output passes through the kidneys with each circulation of the blood? | 25% (1200 mls of blood per minute) |
| What three processes are performed by the kidney to form urine? | Filtration - renal corpusles Reabsorption (renal tubules)- some water, glucose & salts (renal tubules) Secretion |
| The funny shaped part inside the kidneys is called the | Calyx major (at top) and calyx minor (at bottom) |
| the round parts in the mid layer of the kidneys are called the | renal pyramids |
| The layer between the pyramids and the fibrous capsule is called the | cortex |
| Why can kidney disease lead to high glucose levels in the urine? | If kidneys not processing properly then glucose doesn't get reabsorbed and ends up being secreted. If protein in urine it is because they aren't working properly. |
| How do sperm move? | they are filled with lots of mitochondria to give it energy to move |
| Ovaries are not attached to fallopian tubes - true or false? | True |
| Name 5 hormones produced in the brain (pituitary gland) and ovaries... | Oestrogen, progesterone, Lutenising, follicle stimulating, oxytocin |
| What are the 3 salivary glands | Salivary glands - parotid (at back), sublingual (under tongue), submandular - (under jaw) |
Created by:
Clare C
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