CFN 403 Biophysical - PART 1!!
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| What are the 11 systems of the body? | Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Immune, Digestive, Urinary, Integumentary, Skeletal, Reproductive
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| What is the function of the cardiovascular system | Transport system - pumps O2, C02, nutrients, waste, hormones around the body
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| What are the components of the cardiovascular system | Heart, veins, arteries, capillaries, blood (plasma, red/white bc, platelets, lymphocytes)
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| What is the function of the respiratory system | Carries air in and out of the lungs for the exchange of gases. Warms, Moistens and Filters
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| What are the components of the respiratory system? | nose, trachea, larynx, bronchii, lungs
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| What is the function of the muscular system? | Works with the skeleton to move the body. Smooth muscles & cardiac muscle (striated but not controllable)
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| What are the components of the muscular system? | Muscles, tendons & ligaments
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| What is the function of the nervous system? | Controls thoughts, movement and other body systems
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| What are the components of the nervous system? | Brain & Spinal cord - Central nervous system, nerves, (nerve cells contain grey matter - in circle and white matter - the tail part)
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| What is the function of the Endocrine system? | The regulatory system which release hormones for reproduction, growth and metabolism
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| What are the components of the endocrine system? | Glands that release hormones ie pituitary, pancreas islets, ovaries, testes, thyroid, adrenal
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| What is the function of the immune system? | For defence
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| What are the components of the immune system? | Spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes, white blood cells, antibody production
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| What is the function of the digestive system? | To alter food by chemical actions to convert into simple forms to be absorbed.
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| What are the components of the digestive system? | Mouth, teeth, oesphagus, stomach, small and large intestines, gall bladder, liver & pancreas
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| What is the function of the urinary system? | Eliminates waste from the body. Maintains water and chemical balance
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| What are the components of the urinary system? | Bladder, kidneys, urethra, ureters x 2
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| What is the function of the integumentary system? | protective and sensory functions. Regulates temp and turns UV rays from the sun into Vit D.
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| What are the components of the integumentary system? | Skin, hair, nails
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| What is the function of the skeletal system? | Provides a framework for the body
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| What are the components of the skeletal system? | Bones (206)
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| What is the function of the reproductive system? | Makes new humans!
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| What are the components of the reproductive system? | Penis, testes, ovaries, uterus, vagina, breasts
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| What is the cell membrane and what is its purpose? | Soft flexible self sealing outer boundary of cell. Controls what enters and leaves cell
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| Why is the cell membrane self sealing? | So it can reseal breaks for division, keeps it in tact. regulates transport of molecules through cell.
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| Why do substances need to enter or leave cell? | Energy in and waste out. Nutrients enter into cell, water in and out, gets rid of waste, some things manufactured in cells need to come out.
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| What are cilia? | Hair like structures extend from cell membranes of certain cells.
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| Where are cilia found? | Lungs, air passages, nose. Purpose is to keep foreign bodies out and filter the air. Protects from germs in lungs
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| What is a flagellum & what cell type has flagella? | Long hair like structure used for swimming. Sperm
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| Where are microvilli found and why do we have them? | In the small intestine - to increase the surface area of the membrane for absorption or secretion.
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| What are the 'bits' inside cells called? | Organelles (little organs)
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| What does the nucleus contain? | DNA
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| How many pairs of DNA? | 23 pairs
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| What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum do? | Manufactures proteins that are to be secreted from the cell
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| What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do? | Manufactures steriods
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| Ribosomes make what? | Protein
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| What is the purpose of golgi bodies and where are some examples? | Receive products from the ER and package them up for secretion through cell membrane. Ie liver, glands (thyroid), mucous cells.
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| What are mitochondria | The powerhouse of cells. Extract the energy in food and convert it into cell energy (ATP)
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| What are lysosomes? | Contain enzymes that digest and destroy surplus, temporary, damaged or defective chemicals, organelles, cells and tissues. produced in liver and spleen.
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| What do centrioles do? | Spin microtubles that move and separate the chromosomes during cell division.
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| What is the main component of cell membrane? | phospholipid molecules
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| What is the role of protein in the cell membrane | to transport water soluble molecules
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| What is the main role of DNA? | To transmit hereditary information
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| What does intercellular mean? | Fluid located within cells
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| What does interstial mean? | fluid located in spaces between cells
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| What is plasma? | The liquid part of blood in blood vessels
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| What is the main positive electrolyte in plasma? | Sodium (Na+)
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| Give the name of the main positive intracellular electrolyte? | Potassium (K)
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| What is the abbreviation for Sodium Chloride? | NaCl
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| What does Fe2 =? | Iron
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| Why is iron needed? | For haemglobin
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| What is C6 H12 O6? | Glucose
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| What are some other common molecules? | O2 = oxygen, H20 - water, CO2 - carbon dioxide, HCl = Hydrochloric acid,
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| What is diffusion? | Movement of particles from area of high concentration to low concentration
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| What is osmosis? | Net movement of soluable forms through a selectively permeable membrane from lesser area of concentration to a higher - to make it equal tension.
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| What is active transport? | Movement of solute particles from low to high concentration by means of a carrier molecule - uses cellular energy in or out of cell
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| What does isotonic mean? | two fluids with same osmotic pressure (concentration)
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| What does hypertonic mean? | Solution containing higher level of salt (NaCl) than is found in living red blood cell
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| What does hypotonic mean? | Solution with lower concentration - low osmality
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| What are the layers of skin? | Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous
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| Purpose of Epidermis? | Waterproof - prevents loss or absorption of water,
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| What is the cell membrane and what is its purpose? | Soft flexible self sealing outer boundary of cell. Controls what enters and leaves cell
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| Why is the cell membrane self sealing? | So it can reseal breaks for division, keeps it in tact. regulates transport of molecules through cell.
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| Why do substances need to enter or leave cell? | Energy in and waste out. Nutrients enter into cell, water in and out, gets rid of waste, some things manufactured in cells need to come out.
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| What are cilia? | Hair like structures extend from cell membranes of certain cells.
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| Where are cilia found? | Lungs, air passages, nose. Purpose is to keep foreign bodies out and filter the air. Protects from germs in lungs
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| What is a flagellum & what cell type has flagella? | Long hair like structure used for swimming. Sperm
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| Where are microvilli found and why do we have them? | In the small intestine - to increase the surface area of the membrane for absorption or secretion.
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| What are the 'bits' inside cells called? | Organelles (little organs)
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| What does the nucleus contain? | DNA
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| How many pairs of DNA? | 23 pairs
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| What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum do? | Manufactures proteins that are to be secreted from the cell
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| What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do? | Manufactures steriods
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| Ribosomes make what? | Protein
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| What is the purpose of golgi bodies and where are some examples? | Receive products from the ER and package them up for secretion through cell membrane. Ie liver, glands (thyroid), mucous cells.
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| What are mitochondria | The powerhouse of cells. Extract the energy in food and convert it into cell energy (ATP)
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| What are lysosomes? | Contain enzymes that digest and destroy surplus, temporary, damaged or defective chemicals, organelles, cells and tissues. produced in liver and spleen.
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| What do centrioles do? | Spin microtubles that move and separate the chromosomes during cell division.
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| What is the main component of cell membrane? | phospholipid molecules
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| What is the role of protein in the cell membrane | to transport water soluble molecules
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| What is the main role of DNA? | To transmit hereditary information
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| What does intercellular mean? | Fluid located within cells
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| What does interstial mean? | fluid located in spaces between cells
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| What is plasma? | The liquid part of blood
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| What is the main positive electrolyte in plasma? | Sodium (Na+)
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| Give the name of the main positive intracellular electrolyte? | Potassium (K)
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| What is the abbreviation for Sodium Chloride? | NaCl
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| What does Fe2 =? | Iron
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| Why is iron needed? | For haemglobin
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| What is C6 H12 O6? | Glucose
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| What are some other common molecules? | O2 = oxygen, H20 - water, CO2 - carbon dioxide, HCl = Hydrochloric acid,
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| What is diffusion? | Movement of particles (gas) or solution from area of high concentration to low concentration (eg a fart!!)
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| What is osmosis? | Net movement of soluable forms through a selectively permeable membrane from lesser area of concentration to a higher - to make it equal tension.
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| What is active transport? | Movement of solute particles from low to high concentration by means of a carrier molecule - uses cellular energy in or out of cell
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| What does isotonic mean? | two fluids with same osmotic pressure (concentration)
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| What does hypertonic mean? | Solution containing higher level of salt (NaCl) than is found in living red blood cell
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| What does hypotonic mean? | Solution with lower concentration - low osmality
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| What are the layers of skin? | Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous
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| Purpose of Epidermis? | Waterproof - prevents loss or absorption of water,prevents microorganisms entering body, Vit D made on this layer, contains melanin,
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| What does the dermis contain? | nerve endings, large amounts of extra cellular fluid, secretory parts of skin glands, roots and most length of hair follicules
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| What does the subcutaneous layer contain? | Fat cells, blood and lymphatic vessels, contains temp regulators
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| What is the purpose of the subcutaneous layer? | Is important for temp regulation, anchors the skin to underlying muscles and bones.
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| Other than epidermis what other 2 structures are made of keratin? | Nails & hair
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| Distinguish functions between sweat gland and sebaceous glands | Sebaceous - secrete oil for skin & hair.
Sweat glands produce tranparent water liquid that eliminates ammonia & uric acid, helps maintain body temp. releases salt & water
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| Skin neglect can cause? | Bed sores (from pressure areas), allergies to things can cause rashes, dry skin can cause cracking and allow infection in.
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| What is homeostasis? | Maintenance of the normal function of the body.
Body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes.
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| examples of homeostasis? | Maintaining body temp, glucose level in blood, water balance in body, pH level, CO2 level
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| What are the three components of homeostasis? | Receptor, Control Centre (Brain) & effector
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| What is the anatomical position? | Head erect, eyes open, arms to side, palms facing forward, feet together
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| What is the plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts? | Transverse (or horizontal) plane
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| What is the plan that divides body into anterior and posterior? | Coronal (or frontal) plane
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| The ________ plane divides the body into left and right sides (anywhere on body) | sagittal
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| The mid-saggital plane divides the body into... | exact midline
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| Lateral means? | away from midline - on side
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| Midline means? | Centre of body
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| Medial means | towards the midle
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| Anatomy means | structure
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| physiology means | function
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| Distal means | further away from midline (used with limbs)
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| Inferior means | below
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| Superior means | above
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| proximal means | closer to midline (used with limbs)
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| Anterior/Ventral means | front
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| Posterior/dorsal means | back
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| Hands palmar aspect means | front of hand
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| What part is the plantar aspect referring to on your foot? | The sole (bottom part)
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| The top of the foot is called | dorsal
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| The axillae means | armpit
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| Supine means | face up
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| Prone means | face down
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| What is an example of a synovial joint? | The knee
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| What is the synovial membrane? | connective tissue membrane lining spaces between bones and joints. Secretes fluid to lubricate joint. Acts as cushion to enclose fluid)
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| What is the purpose of a fibrous capsule? | Permits movement of joint and flexibility. Tensile strength - allows joint to stretch without stress - resists dislocation. provides stability.
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| Movement of your leg in and out is an example of what type of movement? | abduction - adduction (move away, bring in)
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| Bringing your jaw up and down is an example of what? | Protraction (move forward) retraction (bring back in)
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| Turning your head from side to side is? | Rotation - pivoting bone on own axis
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| Rotating your shoulder is an example of | Circumduction
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| the movement of flipping your hand from palm down to palm up is called? | Pronation (palm down) supination (palm up)
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| Tendons attach what? | Muscle to muscle
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| Ligaments attach what? | muscle to bone
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| Examples of smooth muscles (non voluntary movement) | bladder, uterus, intestines, fallopian tubes, urethras, ureters
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| Striated muscles do what? | Only contract & relax - work like a hinge flexing and extending.
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| What is a striated muscles we cannot control? | The heart
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| Muscle at back of thigh? | Hamstring
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| Muscle at back of calf? | Gastrocnemius
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| The deltoid is found where? | shoulder front & back
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| What muscle attaches to the patella (knee) | Quadriceps
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| The front of the upper arm muscle is called? | Biceps brachii
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| The muscle at the back of the upper arm is called? | Triceps brachii (has three chambers)
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| The muscle at the back of the neck - middle of back is called? | trapezius
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| Intercostal muscles can be found... | on the sides of the abdomen
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| The diaphram muscles are found... | on under the ribs above tje rectus abdominis muscles
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Created by:
Clare C
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