Anatomy Test Vocab
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Chemistry | a branch of science that considers the composition of matter and how this composition changes
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| Matter | anything that has weight and takes up space
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| Elements | all matter is composed of these substances that cant be broken down
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| Atoms | elements are composed of these tiny particles
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| Nucleus | central portion of an atom that is composed of protons and neutrons
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| Electrons | particles that constantly are moving around the nucleus
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| Protons | part of the nucleus that has a positive charge
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| Neutrons | part of the nucleus that has no charge
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| Atomic number | the number of protons in the atom of a particular element
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| Atomic weight | the number of protons and neutrons combined
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| Ions | atoms that gain or loose electrons become electrically charged
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| Isotopes | atoms with the same atomic numbers but different atomic weights
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| Ionic bond | transfer of electrons so that one atom of an element will either become positively charged or negatively charged
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| Covalent bond | the chemical bond between the atoms that creates a molecule
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| Hydrogen bond | another type of chemical bond that is a weak electrical attraction between a hydrogen atom and a another nitrogen or oxygen atom
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| Molecule | when two or more atoms bond
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| Compounds | when tons of different elements combine
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| Molecular formula | represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule
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| Structural formulas | the representations that depict how atoms are joined and arranged in various molecules
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| Synthesis | when two or more atoms bond to form a more complex structure
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| Decomposition | if the bonds in a reactant molecule break so that simpler molecules, atoms or ions form (AB→A+B)
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| Exchange reaction | parts of two different types of molecules trade positions (AB+CD→AD+CB)
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| Reversible reaction | the product of the reaction can change back into the reactant that originally underwent the reaction (A+B=AB)
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| Catalysts | increase the speed of the reaction
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| Electrolytes | substances that release ions in water
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| Acids | electrolytes that release hydrogen ions (H+) in water
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| Bases | electrolytes that release ions that combine with hydroxyl ions
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| pH | measures hydrogen ion concentration
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| organic | contains carbon and hydrogen atoms
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| inorganic | doesn’t contain carbon
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| carbohydrates | provide much of the energy that cells require and supply materials for the cellular structures
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| sugars | another name for carbohydrates
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| monosaccharide | the building blocks for all carbohydrates
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| disaccharides | two monosaccharide’s combined together
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| polysaccharides | two or more monosaccharide’s combined together
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| lipids | organic substances that are insoluble in water but soluble in certain organic solvents
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| fats | are used to store energy for cellular activities
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| fatty acid | one of the building blocks for fats that is the reason
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| glycerol | the other building blocks for fats
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| saturated | a triglyceride fat that has all the carbon molecules connected by single bonds which are produced by animals and solid at room temperature (butter and lard)
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| unsaturated | a triglyceride fat that has at least one double bond between the carbon in the fatty acid which are produced by plants and are liquid at room temperature (sesame and soybean)
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| phospholipids | is a molecule similar to a fat molecule in that it contains a glycerol portion and fatty acid chains but only has two fatty acid chains (part of a cell membrane)
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| steroid | a molecule are complex structures that include four connected rings of carbon atoms
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| proteins | serve as a structural materials, energy sources and hormones
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| receptors | they specialized to bond to particular kinds of molecules
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| antibodies | another type of protein that act against foreign substance that enter the body (white blood cells)
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| enzymes | catalyze vital metabolic processes
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| amino acids | building blocks of proteins
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| conformation | the final protein is a complicated three
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| nucleic acids | form genes and take part in protein synthesis
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| nucleotides | building blocks of nucleic acids which contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus
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| RNA | ribonucleic acid that is a single strand of a polynucleotide chain, which transfers part of the DNA for protein synthesis
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| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid that is a double strand of nucleotides that hold all the genetic information
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