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Anatomy Test Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemistry | a branch of science that considers the composition of matter and how this composition changes |
| Matter | anything that has weight and takes up space |
| Elements | all matter is composed of these substances that cant be broken down |
| Atoms | elements are composed of these tiny particles |
| Nucleus | central portion of an atom that is composed of protons and neutrons |
| Electrons | particles that constantly are moving around the nucleus |
| Protons | part of the nucleus that has a positive charge |
| Neutrons | part of the nucleus that has no charge |
| Atomic number | the number of protons in the atom of a particular element |
| Atomic weight | the number of protons and neutrons combined |
| Ions | atoms that gain or loose electrons become electrically charged |
| Isotopes | atoms with the same atomic numbers but different atomic weights |
| Ionic bond | transfer of electrons so that one atom of an element will either become positively charged or negatively charged |
| Covalent bond | the chemical bond between the atoms that creates a molecule |
| Hydrogen bond | another type of chemical bond that is a weak electrical attraction between a hydrogen atom and a another nitrogen or oxygen atom |
| Molecule | when two or more atoms bond |
| Compounds | when tons of different elements combine |
| Molecular formula | represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule |
| Structural formulas | the representations that depict how atoms are joined and arranged in various molecules |
| Synthesis | when two or more atoms bond to form a more complex structure |
| Decomposition | if the bonds in a reactant molecule break so that simpler molecules, atoms or ions form (AB→A+B) |
| Exchange reaction | parts of two different types of molecules trade positions (AB+CD→AD+CB) |
| Reversible reaction | the product of the reaction can change back into the reactant that originally underwent the reaction (A+B=AB) |
| Catalysts | increase the speed of the reaction |
| Electrolytes | substances that release ions in water |
| Acids | electrolytes that release hydrogen ions (H+) in water |
| Bases | electrolytes that release ions that combine with hydroxyl ions |
| pH | measures hydrogen ion concentration |
| organic | contains carbon and hydrogen atoms |
| inorganic | doesn’t contain carbon |
| carbohydrates | provide much of the energy that cells require and supply materials for the cellular structures |
| sugars | another name for carbohydrates |
| monosaccharide | the building blocks for all carbohydrates |
| disaccharides | two monosaccharide’s combined together |
| polysaccharides | two or more monosaccharide’s combined together |
| lipids | organic substances that are insoluble in water but soluble in certain organic solvents |
| fats | are used to store energy for cellular activities |
| fatty acid | one of the building blocks for fats that is the reason |
| glycerol | the other building blocks for fats |
| saturated | a triglyceride fat that has all the carbon molecules connected by single bonds which are produced by animals and solid at room temperature (butter and lard) |
| unsaturated | a triglyceride fat that has at least one double bond between the carbon in the fatty acid which are produced by plants and are liquid at room temperature (sesame and soybean) |
| phospholipids | is a molecule similar to a fat molecule in that it contains a glycerol portion and fatty acid chains but only has two fatty acid chains (part of a cell membrane) |
| steroid | a molecule are complex structures that include four connected rings of carbon atoms |
| proteins | serve as a structural materials, energy sources and hormones |
| receptors | they specialized to bond to particular kinds of molecules |
| antibodies | another type of protein that act against foreign substance that enter the body (white blood cells) |
| enzymes | catalyze vital metabolic processes |
| amino acids | building blocks of proteins |
| conformation | the final protein is a complicated three |
| nucleic acids | form genes and take part in protein synthesis |
| nucleotides | building blocks of nucleic acids which contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid that is a single strand of a polynucleotide chain, which transfers part of the DNA for protein synthesis |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid that is a double strand of nucleotides that hold all the genetic information |
Created by:
mvandevelde
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