Terms and Definitions for complete health assessment - Jarvis
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| amplitude / intensity | how loud or soft a sound is
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| duration | length of time a note lingers
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| pitch / frequency | number of vibrations/cycles per second of a sound
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| quality / timbre | subjective difference in a sound due to the sound's distinctive overtones
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| cutaneous pain | pain originating from skin surface or subcutaneous structures
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| modulation | pain message is inhibited during this last phase of nociception
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| neuropathic pain | abnormal processing of pain message; burning, shooting in nature
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| nociception | process whereby noxious stimuli are percieved as pain
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| referred pain | pain felt at a particular site, but originating from another location
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| somatic pain | originating from muscle, bone, joints, tendons or blood vessels
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| transduction | first phase of nociception whereby the painful stimulus is changed into action potential
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| transmission | second phase of nociception whereby the pain impulse moves from the spinal cord to the brain
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| visceral pain | originating from interior organs such as the gall bladder or stomach
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| annular | circular shape to skin lesion
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| bulla | elevated cavity containing free fluid larger than 1cm diameter
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| confluent | skin lesions that run together
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| erythema | intense redness of skin due to excess blood in dilated superficial capillaries, as in fever or inflammation
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| excoriation | self-inflicted abrasion on skin due to scratching
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| furuncle | boil, suppurative inflammatory skin lesion due to infected hair follicle
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| hemangioma | skin lesion due to benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis
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| iris | target shape of skin lesion
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| keloid | hypertrophic scar, elevated beyond site of original injury
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| lichenifcaiton | tightly packed set of papules that thickens skin, from prolonged intense scratching
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| lipoma | benign fatty tumor
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| macule | flat skin lesion with only a color change
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| nevus | mole; circumscribed skin lesion due to excess melanocytes
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| nodule | elevated skin lesion, greater than 1 cm diameter
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| papule | palpable skin lesion of less than 1cm diameter
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| plaque | skin lesion in which papules coalesce or come together
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| pruritus | itching
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| purpura | red-purple skin lesion due to blood in tissues from breaks in blood vessels
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| pustule | elevated cavity containing thick turbid fluid
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| telangiectasia | skin lesion due to permanently enlarged and dilated blood vessels that are visible
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| vesicle | elevated cavity containing free fluid up to 1cm diameter
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| lymphadenopathy | enlargement of lymph nodes due to infection, allergy, or neoplasm
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| torticollis | head tilt due to shortening or spasm of one sternomastoid muscle
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| anisocoria | unequal pupil size
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| arcus senilis | gray-white arc or circle around limbus of iris that is common with aging
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| Argyll Robertson pupil | pupil does not react to light, but does constrict with accommodation
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| diplopia | double vision
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| bitemporal hemianopsia | loss of both temporal visual fields
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| blepharitis | inflammation of the glands and eyelash follicles along the margin of the eyelids
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| chalazion | infection or retention cyst of meibomian gland, showing as a beady nodule on the eyelid
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| ectropion | lower eyelid loose and rolling outward
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| entropion | lower eyelid rolling inward
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| exopthalmos | protruding eyeballs
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| glaucoma | group of eye diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure
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| hordeolum | stye; red, painful pustule that is localized infection of hair follicle at eyelid margin
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| lid lag | abnormal white rim of sclera visible between upper eyelid and iris when a person moves eyes downward
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| miosis | constricted pupils
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| mydriasis | dilated pupils
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| nystagmus | involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball
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| presbyopia | decrease in power of accommodation that ocurs with aging
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| pterygium | triangular opaque tissue on the nasal side of the conjuctiva that grows toward the center of the cornea
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| ptosis | drooping of upper eyelid over the iris and possibly covering pupil
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| strabismus | squint, crossed eye; disparity of the eye axes
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| xanthelasma | soft, raised yellow plaques occurring on the skin at the inner corners of the eyes
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| atresia | congenital absence of closure of ear canal
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| otalgia | pain in the ear
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| otitis externa | inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal
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| otitis media | inflammation of the middle ear and tympanic membrane
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| otorrhea | discharge from the ear
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| tinnitus | ringing in the ear
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| vertigo | a spinning, twirling sensation - "the room is spinning"
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| aphthous ulcers | "canker sores"; small painful round ulcers in the oral mucosa of unknown cause
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| candidiasis | white, cheesy, curdlike patch on buccal mucosa due to superficial fungal infection
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| crypts | indentations on surface of tonsils
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| cheilitis | red,scaling, shallow painful fissures at corners of mouth
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| choanal atresia | closure of nasal cavity due to congenital septum between nasal cavity and pharynx
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| epistaxis | nosebleed, usually from anterior septum
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| epulis | nontender, fibrous nodule of the gum
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| Fordyce's granules | small, isolated, white or yellow papules on oral mucosa
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| Koplik's spots | small, blue-white spots with red halo over oral mucosa; early sign of measles
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| leukoplakia | chalky white, thick raised patch on sides of tongue; precancerous
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| malocclusion | upper or lower dental arches out of alignment
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| papillae | rough bumpy elevation on dorsal surface of tongue
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| fibroadenoma | benign breast mass
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| intraductal papilloma | serosanguinous nipple discharge
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| Montgomery's glands | sebaceous glands in the areola, secrete protective lipid during lactation
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| Paget's disease | intraductal carcinoma in the breast
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| atelectasis | abnormal respiratory condition characterized by collapsed, shrunken, deflated section of alveoli
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| bronchophony | spoken voice sound heard through the stethoscope, which sounds soft, muffled, and indistinct over normal lung tissue
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| Kussmaul's respiration | a type of hyperventilation that occurs with diabetic ketoacidosis
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| orthopnea | ability to breathe easily only in an upright position
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| paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea | sudden awakening from sleeping with shortness of breath
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| pleural efusion | abnormal fluid between the layers of the pleura
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| rhonchi | low-pitched, musical, snoring, adventitious lung sound caused by air-flow obstruction from secretions
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| clubbing | bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers and toes that occurs with chronic cyanotic heart and lung conditions
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| physiologic splitting | normal variation in S2 heard as two separate components during inspiration
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| paradoxical splitting | opposite of a normal S2 split so that the split is heard in expiration, and in inspiration the sounds fuse to one sound
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| syncope | temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased cerebral blood flow, caused by ventricular asystole, pronounced bradycardia, or ventricular fibrillation
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| thrill | palpable vibration on the chest wall accompanying severe heart murmur
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| lymphedema | swelling of extremity due to obstructed lymph channel, nonpitting
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| pulsus alternans | regular rhythm, but force of pulse varies with alternating beats of large and small amplititude
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| pulsus bigeminus | irregular rhythm, every other beat is premature; premature beats have weakened amplitude
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| pulsus paradoxus | beats have weaker amplitude with respiratory inspiration, stronger with expiration
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| ascites | abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity, associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, cancer, or portal hypertension
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| cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder
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| paralytic ileus | complete absence of peristaltic movement that may follow abdominal surgery or complete bowel obstruction
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| pyrosis | brning sensation in upper abdomen, due to reflux of gastric acid; heartburn
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| ankylosis | immobility consolidation and fixation of a joint because of disease, injury, or surgery; most often due to chronic rheumtoid arthritis
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| ataxia | inability to perform coordinated movements
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| bursa | enclosed sac filled with viscous fluid located injoint areas of potential friciton
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| circumduction | moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder
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| kphosis | outward or convex curvature of the thoracic spine; hunchback
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| agnosia | loss of ability to recognize importance of sensory impressions
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| agraphia | loss of ability to express thoughts in writing
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| analgesia | loss of pain sensation
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| aphasia | loss of power of expression by speech, writing, or signs, or of comprehension of spoken or written language
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| apraxia | loss of ability to perform purposeful movements in the absence of sensory or motor damage
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| chorea | sudden, rapid, jerky, purposeless movement involving limbs, trunk or face
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| clonus | rapidly alternating involuntary contraction and relaxation of a muscle in response to a sudden stretch
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| dysarthria | imperfect articulation of speech due to problems of muscular control resulting from central or peripheral nervous system damage
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| dysphasia | impairment in speech consisting of lack of coordination and inability to arrange words in their proper order
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| graphesthesia | ability to "read" a number by having it traced on the skin
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| hemiplegia | loss of motor power on one side of the body, usually cuased by a cerebral vascular accident; paralysis occurs on opposite side of lesion
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| myoclonus | rapid sudden jerk of a muscle
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| nuchal rigidity | stiffness in cervical neck area
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| paresthesia | abnormal sensation, ie burning, numbness, tingling, prickling, crawling skin sensation
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| spasticity | continuous resistance to stretching by a muscle due to abnormally increased tension, with increased deep tendon reflexes
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| sterognosis | ability to recognize objects by feeling their forms, sizes, and weights while the eyes are closed
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| tremor | involuntary contractoin of opposing muscle groups resulting in rhythmic movement of one or more joints
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