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Assessment Terms
Terms and Definitions for complete health assessment - Jarvis
| ASSESSMENT TERM | DEFINITION |
|---|---|
| amplitude / intensity | how loud or soft a sound is |
| duration | length of time a note lingers |
| pitch / frequency | number of vibrations/cycles per second of a sound |
| quality / timbre | subjective difference in a sound due to the sound's distinctive overtones |
| cutaneous pain | pain originating from skin surface or subcutaneous structures |
| modulation | pain message is inhibited during this last phase of nociception |
| neuropathic pain | abnormal processing of pain message; burning, shooting in nature |
| nociception | process whereby noxious stimuli are percieved as pain |
| referred pain | pain felt at a particular site, but originating from another location |
| somatic pain | originating from muscle, bone, joints, tendons or blood vessels |
| transduction | first phase of nociception whereby the painful stimulus is changed into action potential |
| transmission | second phase of nociception whereby the pain impulse moves from the spinal cord to the brain |
| visceral pain | originating from interior organs such as the gall bladder or stomach |
| annular | circular shape to skin lesion |
| bulla | elevated cavity containing free fluid larger than 1cm diameter |
| confluent | skin lesions that run together |
| erythema | intense redness of skin due to excess blood in dilated superficial capillaries, as in fever or inflammation |
| excoriation | self-inflicted abrasion on skin due to scratching |
| furuncle | boil, suppurative inflammatory skin lesion due to infected hair follicle |
| hemangioma | skin lesion due to benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis |
| iris | target shape of skin lesion |
| keloid | hypertrophic scar, elevated beyond site of original injury |
| lichenifcaiton | tightly packed set of papules that thickens skin, from prolonged intense scratching |
| lipoma | benign fatty tumor |
| macule | flat skin lesion with only a color change |
| nevus | mole; circumscribed skin lesion due to excess melanocytes |
| nodule | elevated skin lesion, greater than 1 cm diameter |
| papule | palpable skin lesion of less than 1cm diameter |
| plaque | skin lesion in which papules coalesce or come together |
| pruritus | itching |
| purpura | red-purple skin lesion due to blood in tissues from breaks in blood vessels |
| pustule | elevated cavity containing thick turbid fluid |
| telangiectasia | skin lesion due to permanently enlarged and dilated blood vessels that are visible |
| vesicle | elevated cavity containing free fluid up to 1cm diameter |
| lymphadenopathy | enlargement of lymph nodes due to infection, allergy, or neoplasm |
| torticollis | head tilt due to shortening or spasm of one sternomastoid muscle |
| anisocoria | unequal pupil size |
| arcus senilis | gray-white arc or circle around limbus of iris that is common with aging |
| Argyll Robertson pupil | pupil does not react to light, but does constrict with accommodation |
| diplopia | double vision |
| bitemporal hemianopsia | loss of both temporal visual fields |
| blepharitis | inflammation of the glands and eyelash follicles along the margin of the eyelids |
| chalazion | infection or retention cyst of meibomian gland, showing as a beady nodule on the eyelid |
| ectropion | lower eyelid loose and rolling outward |
| entropion | lower eyelid rolling inward |
| exopthalmos | protruding eyeballs |
| glaucoma | group of eye diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure |
| hordeolum | stye; red, painful pustule that is localized infection of hair follicle at eyelid margin |
| lid lag | abnormal white rim of sclera visible between upper eyelid and iris when a person moves eyes downward |
| miosis | constricted pupils |
| mydriasis | dilated pupils |
| nystagmus | involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball |
| presbyopia | decrease in power of accommodation that ocurs with aging |
| pterygium | triangular opaque tissue on the nasal side of the conjuctiva that grows toward the center of the cornea |
| ptosis | drooping of upper eyelid over the iris and possibly covering pupil |
| strabismus | squint, crossed eye; disparity of the eye axes |
| xanthelasma | soft, raised yellow plaques occurring on the skin at the inner corners of the eyes |
| atresia | congenital absence of closure of ear canal |
| otalgia | pain in the ear |
| otitis externa | inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal |
| otitis media | inflammation of the middle ear and tympanic membrane |
| otorrhea | discharge from the ear |
| tinnitus | ringing in the ear |
| vertigo | a spinning, twirling sensation - "the room is spinning" |
| aphthous ulcers | "canker sores"; small painful round ulcers in the oral mucosa of unknown cause |
| candidiasis | white, cheesy, curdlike patch on buccal mucosa due to superficial fungal infection |
| crypts | indentations on surface of tonsils |
| cheilitis | red,scaling, shallow painful fissures at corners of mouth |
| choanal atresia | closure of nasal cavity due to congenital septum between nasal cavity and pharynx |
| epistaxis | nosebleed, usually from anterior septum |
| epulis | nontender, fibrous nodule of the gum |
| Fordyce's granules | small, isolated, white or yellow papules on oral mucosa |
| Koplik's spots | small, blue-white spots with red halo over oral mucosa; early sign of measles |
| leukoplakia | chalky white, thick raised patch on sides of tongue; precancerous |
| malocclusion | upper or lower dental arches out of alignment |
| papillae | rough bumpy elevation on dorsal surface of tongue |
| fibroadenoma | benign breast mass |
| intraductal papilloma | serosanguinous nipple discharge |
| Montgomery's glands | sebaceous glands in the areola, secrete protective lipid during lactation |
| Paget's disease | intraductal carcinoma in the breast |
| atelectasis | abnormal respiratory condition characterized by collapsed, shrunken, deflated section of alveoli |
| bronchophony | spoken voice sound heard through the stethoscope, which sounds soft, muffled, and indistinct over normal lung tissue |
| Kussmaul's respiration | a type of hyperventilation that occurs with diabetic ketoacidosis |
| orthopnea | ability to breathe easily only in an upright position |
| paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea | sudden awakening from sleeping with shortness of breath |
| pleural efusion | abnormal fluid between the layers of the pleura |
| rhonchi | low-pitched, musical, snoring, adventitious lung sound caused by air-flow obstruction from secretions |
| clubbing | bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers and toes that occurs with chronic cyanotic heart and lung conditions |
| physiologic splitting | normal variation in S2 heard as two separate components during inspiration |
| paradoxical splitting | opposite of a normal S2 split so that the split is heard in expiration, and in inspiration the sounds fuse to one sound |
| syncope | temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased cerebral blood flow, caused by ventricular asystole, pronounced bradycardia, or ventricular fibrillation |
| thrill | palpable vibration on the chest wall accompanying severe heart murmur |
| lymphedema | swelling of extremity due to obstructed lymph channel, nonpitting |
| pulsus alternans | regular rhythm, but force of pulse varies with alternating beats of large and small amplititude |
| pulsus bigeminus | irregular rhythm, every other beat is premature; premature beats have weakened amplitude |
| pulsus paradoxus | beats have weaker amplitude with respiratory inspiration, stronger with expiration |
| ascites | abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity, associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, cancer, or portal hypertension |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder |
| paralytic ileus | complete absence of peristaltic movement that may follow abdominal surgery or complete bowel obstruction |
| pyrosis | brning sensation in upper abdomen, due to reflux of gastric acid; heartburn |
| ankylosis | immobility consolidation and fixation of a joint because of disease, injury, or surgery; most often due to chronic rheumtoid arthritis |
| ataxia | inability to perform coordinated movements |
| bursa | enclosed sac filled with viscous fluid located injoint areas of potential friciton |
| circumduction | moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder |
| kphosis | outward or convex curvature of the thoracic spine; hunchback |
| agnosia | loss of ability to recognize importance of sensory impressions |
| agraphia | loss of ability to express thoughts in writing |
| analgesia | loss of pain sensation |
| aphasia | loss of power of expression by speech, writing, or signs, or of comprehension of spoken or written language |
| apraxia | loss of ability to perform purposeful movements in the absence of sensory or motor damage |
| chorea | sudden, rapid, jerky, purposeless movement involving limbs, trunk or face |
| clonus | rapidly alternating involuntary contraction and relaxation of a muscle in response to a sudden stretch |
| dysarthria | imperfect articulation of speech due to problems of muscular control resulting from central or peripheral nervous system damage |
| dysphasia | impairment in speech consisting of lack of coordination and inability to arrange words in their proper order |
| graphesthesia | ability to "read" a number by having it traced on the skin |
| hemiplegia | loss of motor power on one side of the body, usually cuased by a cerebral vascular accident; paralysis occurs on opposite side of lesion |
| myoclonus | rapid sudden jerk of a muscle |
| nuchal rigidity | stiffness in cervical neck area |
| paresthesia | abnormal sensation, ie burning, numbness, tingling, prickling, crawling skin sensation |
| spasticity | continuous resistance to stretching by a muscle due to abnormally increased tension, with increased deep tendon reflexes |
| sterognosis | ability to recognize objects by feeling their forms, sizes, and weights while the eyes are closed |
| tremor | involuntary contractoin of opposing muscle groups resulting in rhythmic movement of one or more joints |
Created by:
bjml
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