Molecules, Cells, & Molecules
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| Two or more atoms bonded together | Molecule
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| Pure substance containing identical molecules | Compounds
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| Body's first choice for energy. Always made up of C, H, & O. | Carbohydrates
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| Nutrients that do not dissolve in water. Mostly C & H with a pinch of O. Used for storing energy | Lipids (fats)
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| Made out of building blocks called amino acids. There are 23 different amino acids. All proteins contain C, H, O, & N. | Protein
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| Molecules that carry info that is used to make proteins. | Nucleic Acids
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| Most common molecule in the body. | Water
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| Contain mostly carbon made by living things | Organic Compounds
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| A mixture that contains one or more chemicals that are dissolved | Solutions
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| Something that dissolves other chemicals | Solvent
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| Material that is being dissolved | Solute
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| Solution with a greater osmotic pressure than what its compared with | Hypertonic
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| Solution with less osmotic pressure than what its being compared with | Hypotonic
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| Solutions with the same osmotic pressure | Isotonic
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| A way of measuring the concentration of hydrogen ions. An aqueous solution. | pH
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| Runs from 0 to 14. Neutral is exactly 7. 7 is the pH of pure water. | pH scale
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| >7 more hydrogen | Acids
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| <7 less hydrogen | Bases
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| The basic unit of structure and function found in all living things. | Cells
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| A cell that contains all of the parts that might be found in a real cell. This type of cell does not exist. | A composite cell.
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| The barrier between fluid inside of the cell and the fluid outside of the cell. | The Cell Membrane.
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| Makes the membrane flexible. (found between the tails) | Cholesterol
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| Binding sights for sending chemical messages. They receive signals such as neurotransmitters and chemicals. | Receptors
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| How things are moved around-they are very specific-they only allow certain things to go through. | Pores/Channels
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| Used to move things into the cell-they change shape to carry something across. | Carriers
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| Can go through the barrier. EX-lipids can go through the phospholipid bilayer. | Permeable
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| Needs a carrier or channel to help it through the membrane | Impermeable
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| Some things can cross and some things cannot pass through the membrane | Semipermeable (selectively permeable)
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| Liquid between the cell membrane and the organelles (cell fluid) | The cytoplasm
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| Structures found inside of the cell. | The organelles
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| Smallest organelle in the cell. It's function is to make proteins. | Ribosomes
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| A group of connective tubes used to move things around withing the cell. | Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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| Packages things so it can get out of the cell through the membrane. | Golgi Apparatus.
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| Changes one type of fuel to another. | Mitochondria
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| Used to breakdown things a cell does not need. They use enzymes to break it down. | Lysosomes.
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| A pair of organelles found near the nucleus. It's function is to help separate the genes during mitosis so each new cell gets a full set. | Centrioles.
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| Moves something in a certain direction that is outside of the cell. | Cilia
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| Moves the cell. Sperm cell is the only cell with this. | Flagellam.
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| Pores in wall lets things in and out. It is the largest organelle you can see in a cell. Its function..controls which genese are going to be used by that cell. They control how often and when that gene will be used | Nucleus
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| Darker part of the nucleus. It's function is to make ribosomes. | Nucleolus
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| Where we find DNA in nucleus of cells that are not dividing. Its function allows the cell to use the genes | Chromatin
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| 23 pairs of bundled DNA. Found when a cell is dividing. Its function moving packages that allow us to sort the genes in the DNA. | Chromosomes.
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| What our cells use for energy | ATP
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| If it uses ATP for energy | Active Transport
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| Does not use ATP for energy | Passive Transport
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| Relies on random movement of dissolved molecules. (random movement of solutes from energy of high concentration to areas of low concentration. EX drop of food coloring in water | Diffusion
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| Random movement of solutes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Uses a protein to cross the cell membrane | Facilitated Diffusion
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| Random movement of water from an area of low concentration of solute to areas of high concentration of solute across a semipermeable membrane. | Osmosis
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| Relies on differences in pressure. This happens in every tissue in your body. | Filtration
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| Found on nerve cells, muscle cells, and some cells in our kidneys. | Na/K pumps
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| Takes things inside of the cell and packages them into vessicals | Endocytosis
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| Takes in a liquid | Pinocytosis
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| is endocytosis that takes in a solid | Phagocytosis
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| Moving a vessical outside of a cell | Exocytosis
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| When a stem cell changes into a specialized cell. When a set of cells choose a gene. | Differentiation
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| Replication of DNA. When a cell does its job. | Interphase
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| *adds set of centrioles *centrioles move to opposite sides | Prophase
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| 2 sets of centrioles at pole. Chromosomes at equator. Spindle fibers. | Metaphase
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| Chromosomes are moved to opposite sides. Cell changes shape | Anaphase
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| Starts to build a nucleus. Change DNA back to chromatin. | Telophase
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| When a cell starts to pinch in half | Cytokinesis
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| A rounded projection or tooth, as on the margin of a leaf. | Crenation
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| The breaking down of red blood cells with liberation of hemoglobin. | Hemolysis
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