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AP Quiz 2
Molecules, Cells, & Molecules
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Two or more atoms bonded together | Molecule |
| Pure substance containing identical molecules | Compounds |
| Body's first choice for energy. Always made up of C, H, & O. | Carbohydrates |
| Nutrients that do not dissolve in water. Mostly C & H with a pinch of O. Used for storing energy | Lipids (fats) |
| Made out of building blocks called amino acids. There are 23 different amino acids. All proteins contain C, H, O, & N. | Protein |
| Molecules that carry info that is used to make proteins. | Nucleic Acids |
| Most common molecule in the body. | Water |
| Contain mostly carbon made by living things | Organic Compounds |
| A mixture that contains one or more chemicals that are dissolved | Solutions |
| Something that dissolves other chemicals | Solvent |
| Material that is being dissolved | Solute |
| Solution with a greater osmotic pressure than what its compared with | Hypertonic |
| Solution with less osmotic pressure than what its being compared with | Hypotonic |
| Solutions with the same osmotic pressure | Isotonic |
| A way of measuring the concentration of hydrogen ions. An aqueous solution. | pH |
| Runs from 0 to 14. Neutral is exactly 7. 7 is the pH of pure water. | pH scale |
| >7 more hydrogen | Acids |
| <7 less hydrogen | Bases |
| The basic unit of structure and function found in all living things. | Cells |
| A cell that contains all of the parts that might be found in a real cell. This type of cell does not exist. | A composite cell. |
| The barrier between fluid inside of the cell and the fluid outside of the cell. | The Cell Membrane. |
| Makes the membrane flexible. (found between the tails) | Cholesterol |
| Binding sights for sending chemical messages. They receive signals such as neurotransmitters and chemicals. | Receptors |
| How things are moved around-they are very specific-they only allow certain things to go through. | Pores/Channels |
| Used to move things into the cell-they change shape to carry something across. | Carriers |
| Can go through the barrier. EX-lipids can go through the phospholipid bilayer. | Permeable |
| Needs a carrier or channel to help it through the membrane | Impermeable |
| Some things can cross and some things cannot pass through the membrane | Semipermeable (selectively permeable) |
| Liquid between the cell membrane and the organelles (cell fluid) | The cytoplasm |
| Structures found inside of the cell. | The organelles |
| Smallest organelle in the cell. It's function is to make proteins. | Ribosomes |
| A group of connective tubes used to move things around withing the cell. | Endoplasmic Reticulum. |
| Packages things so it can get out of the cell through the membrane. | Golgi Apparatus. |
| Changes one type of fuel to another. | Mitochondria |
| Used to breakdown things a cell does not need. They use enzymes to break it down. | Lysosomes. |
| A pair of organelles found near the nucleus. It's function is to help separate the genes during mitosis so each new cell gets a full set. | Centrioles. |
| Moves something in a certain direction that is outside of the cell. | Cilia |
| Moves the cell. Sperm cell is the only cell with this. | Flagellam. |
| Pores in wall lets things in and out. It is the largest organelle you can see in a cell. Its function..controls which genese are going to be used by that cell. They control how often and when that gene will be used | Nucleus |
| Darker part of the nucleus. It's function is to make ribosomes. | Nucleolus |
| Where we find DNA in nucleus of cells that are not dividing. Its function allows the cell to use the genes | Chromatin |
| 23 pairs of bundled DNA. Found when a cell is dividing. Its function moving packages that allow us to sort the genes in the DNA. | Chromosomes. |
| What our cells use for energy | ATP |
| If it uses ATP for energy | Active Transport |
| Does not use ATP for energy | Passive Transport |
| Relies on random movement of dissolved molecules. (random movement of solutes from energy of high concentration to areas of low concentration. EX drop of food coloring in water | Diffusion |
| Random movement of solutes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Uses a protein to cross the cell membrane | Facilitated Diffusion |
| Random movement of water from an area of low concentration of solute to areas of high concentration of solute across a semipermeable membrane. | Osmosis |
| Relies on differences in pressure. This happens in every tissue in your body. | Filtration |
| Found on nerve cells, muscle cells, and some cells in our kidneys. | Na/K pumps |
| Takes things inside of the cell and packages them into vessicals | Endocytosis |
| Takes in a liquid | Pinocytosis |
| is endocytosis that takes in a solid | Phagocytosis |
| Moving a vessical outside of a cell | Exocytosis |
| When a stem cell changes into a specialized cell. When a set of cells choose a gene. | Differentiation |
| Replication of DNA. When a cell does its job. | Interphase |
| *adds set of centrioles *centrioles move to opposite sides | Prophase |
| 2 sets of centrioles at pole. Chromosomes at equator. Spindle fibers. | Metaphase |
| Chromosomes are moved to opposite sides. Cell changes shape | Anaphase |
| Starts to build a nucleus. Change DNA back to chromatin. | Telophase |
| When a cell starts to pinch in half | Cytokinesis |
| A rounded projection or tooth, as on the margin of a leaf. | Crenation |
| The breaking down of red blood cells with liberation of hemoglobin. | Hemolysis |
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