Neural Tissue
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| Division of PNS that brings sensory info to the NNS | Afferent Division
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| Division of PNS that brings Motor commands to the muscles/glands from the CNS | Efferent Division
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| Efferent Division of the PNS that controls motor function | Somatic Nervous System
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| Efferent Division of the PNS that controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, adipose tissue, gland activity | Autonomic Nervous System
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| Cytoplasm surrounding the neucleus | Perikaryon
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| branches from the axon that can help the neuron communicate with many other cells | Collaterals
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| Neuron found in brain/special sense organs, with undistinguishable axons and dendrites, found in brain/sense organs | Anaxonic Neurons
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| Neuron that relay sight, sound or smell, have two process separated by a cell body, found in sight, sound and hearing organs | Bipolar Neuron
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| Most common neuron in sensory neuron, has a single elongate process, with cell body off to the side, found in sensory nerves of PNS | Unipolar Neuron
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| Most common neuron in CNS, motor neurons that control skeletal muscle, common in the CNS, skeletal muscle neurons | Multipolar Neuron
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| Receptors that monitor the position and movement of the skeletal muscles and joints | Proprioceptors
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| Neuroglia of CNS that line ventricles in the brain/central canal of the spinal cord, produces CSF | Ependymal Cells
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| Neuroglia of CNS that maintains blood/brain barrier,absorbs and recycles neurotransmitters | Astrocytes
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| Neuroglia of CNS that myelienate CNS axon, provide structural framework | Oligodendrocytes
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| Neuroglia of CNS that remove debris,waste, pathogens by phagocytosis | Microglia
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| Neuroglis of PNS that surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia, regulate O2 and CO2 nutrient and neurotransmitter levels around neurons in ganglia | Satellite Cells
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| Neuroganglia of PNS that surround all axon of PNS to mylienate PNS axons | Schwann Cells
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| temporary local change in the resting potential of the cell membrane, decreases with distance | Graded Potential
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| electrical impulse that is spread along the surface of the axon, does not diminish as it moves away from the source | Action Potential
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| a shift from the resting potential of the cell membrane closer to 0 | depolarization
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| The process of restoring resting potential after depolarization | repolarization
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| the loss of positive ions, causing an increase in the negativity of the resting potential, (-70mv to -80mv)decreases with distance | Hyperpolarization
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| Initial refractory period lasting 0.4-1.0 msec | Absolute refractory period
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| Refractory period when sodium channels return to resting condition, until membrane potential stabilizes at resting levels | Relative Refractory period
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| Nerves of the Efferent division of Nervous system that innervates skeletal muscle | Somatic motor neurons
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| Nerves of the Efferent division of Nervous system that innervate peripheral effectors, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands,adipose tissue | Visceral Motor Neurons
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| If resistance is high the current is | Small
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| If resistance is low the current is | Large
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| Channels that are always open but change shape in response to local conditions | Leak channels
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| Channels that open/close in response to specific stimuli | gated channels
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| Channels that open after binding with specific chemicals | Chemically gated channels
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| Type of axon fibers, large diameter/myelinated, speeds up to 120m/s | Type A
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| Type of axon fibers, smaller diameter/mylientated speeds up to 18m/s | Type B
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| Type of axon fibers, smallest diameter/unmyelienated, speeds up to 1m/s | Type C
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| Synapses in which membranes are locked together by gap junctions, in some areas of the brain, eye and in one pair of PNS ganglia | Electrical Synapses
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| Most abundant type of synapse, cells are not directly coupled, postsynaptic cell is not a slave to the presynaptic cell | Chemical Synapses
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| Neurotransmitter of Adrenergic synapses, distributed in the brain and portions of ANS | Norepinephrine
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| CNS neurotransmitter that effects precise control of movement | Dopamine
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| CNS neurotransmitter that effect a person's attention and emotional states | Serotonin
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| CNS neurotransmitter that has an inhibitory effect | GABA
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| gas generated by synaptic terminals that innervate smooth muscle in thw waslls of blood vessels in the PNS and synapses in several regions of the brain | Nitric Acid
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| gas generated by specialized synaptic terminals in the brain, functions as a neurotransmitter | Carbon Monoxide
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| Neurotubules, neurofilments, neurofibrils | Components of Neuron cytoskeleton
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| Dense areas of RER and ribosomes, makes the appearence of gray matter | Nissl Bodies
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| cytoplasm and perikaryon | Cell body
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| 80-90% surface area of neuron, fine processes that recieve info from other neurons | Dendrites
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| Carries signal to target | axon
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| Cytoplasm of axon, contains neurotubles neurofibrils, enzymes and organelles | Axoplasm
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| Specialized cell membrane of axon, covers axoplasm | Axolemma
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| Initial segment of axon | Axon Hillock
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| Where a neuron communicates with another cell | Synapse
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| Chemical Messengers that released at presynaptic membrane, affect postsynaptic membrane, broken down by enzyme and reassembled in the synaptic terminal | Neurotransmitters
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| Afferent neurons of the PNS | Sensory Neurons
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| Efferent neurons of the PNS | Motor Neurons
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| Monitor internal systems, internal senses | Interoceptors
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| Monitor external senses, distance senses | Exteroceptors
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| Temporary, local changes in resting potential caused by a stimulus | Graded Potential
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| electrical impulse, produced by graded potential, propogates along axon to the synapse | Action Potential
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| slower movement of action potential down the axon, occurrs in unmyelienated axons | continuous propagation
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| faster movement of action potential down the axon, occurs in myelienated axons, depolarization occurs only at nodes | saltatory propagation
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| when a neurotransmitter cannot replenish fast enough to meet the demands of an intense stimulous | synaptic fatigue
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| occurrs between arrival of action potential at synaptic terminal and effect of postsynaptic membrane | Synaptic delay
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| neuromodulators that bind to same receptors as morphine and opium and relieve pain | opioid peptides
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| graded potentials that occur in postsynaptic membrane in response to neurotransmitters, IPSP, EPSP | postsynaptic potential
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| Graded hyperpolarization of postsynaptic membrane | IPSP
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| graded depolarization of postsynaptic membrane | EPSP
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| multiple EPSPs at one synapse | temporal summation
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| stimuli arrive at multiple synapses | spatial summation
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| when EPSPs accumulate to raise membrane potential closer to threshold so a small stimuli can trigger an action potential | facilitation
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| Directly opens Cl- channels, directly opens K+ channels and block entry of Ca2+ | GABA
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| Indirectly G protiens and second messengers, Directly opens Ca2+/Na+ channels on pre/postsynaptic membranes | Glutmate
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| an enzyme complex coupled to a membrane receptor | G Proteins
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