Chapter 18 Beef and Dairy Cattle Breed Identification and Production Management
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| abortion | condition that causes a pregnant female to lose her baby
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| alfalfa | hay high in protein
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| alveoli | tiny structures within the udder where nutrients are converted to milk
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| anthelmintics | dewormer medications used to control parasites
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| back rubbers | equipment used to allow cows to rub their back on a rolling bar that applies fly control chemicals
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| back grounding system | production system that raises calves to market size for profit
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| banding | method of castrating male livestock by using a tight rubber band placed over the testicle area to cut off circulation and cause the tissue to fall off
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| Bang's disease | common name for brucellosis
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| beef cattle | cows specifically eased for meat
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| bloat | air ingested into the stomach causing the stomach to swell
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| bovine | veterinary term for cow
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| Bovine Viral diarrhea | virus in cattle causing diarrhea and respiratory signs
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| branding | the use of extreme heat or cold temperatures to mark the skin with a number of symbol
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| brucellosis | reproductive disease of mammals passed through breeding practices
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| bull | adult male cattle of breeding age
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| calf | young newborn cattle of either gender
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| California Mastitis Test | test used to diagnose and measure the level of cell infection within the mammary glands
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| calving | the labor process of cows
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| campylobacter | bacterial infection that affects the intestinal tract or reproductive tract in cattle
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| castration | surgical removal of the testicles to prevent reproduction
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| caustic | chemicals used to butn horn buds to prevent horn growth
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| cold housing | building with no heat where air circulates out moisture and usually houses the entire herd as a group
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| colostrum | antibodies produced in the first 24 hours of the mother's milk to protect the immune system of the calf
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| commercial business | grade type of cow that is a mixed breed
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| concentrates | mixtures of food high in energy and fat
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| conformation | the body's shape and form
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| cow | adult female cow of breeding age
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| cow kicking | the direction of cows kicking to the side with their rear legs
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| cow calf system | production system that raises cattle to breed them as adults
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| creep feeders | equipment used to feed young calves that prevents adult cattle from eating the food
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| culled | to remove from the herd
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| cutability | quality and quantity of meat from a beef animals
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| dairies | buildings where cows are milked
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| dairy cattle | cows raised specifically for milk
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| dam | mother or female parent
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| dehorning | process of remoiving the horns to prevent injury to people and other animals
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| DHI program | Dairy Herd Improvement program that maintains records of dairy herd information
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| displaced abomasum | condition in cattle that causes the stomach to rotate out of place
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| DNA testing | blood or hair samples used to identify an animal's parents
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| dry cow period | time that milk production is stopped to allow the reproductive system to rest
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| dual purpose breed | breed the serves more than one purpose, in the case of cattle, both milk and meat producing breed
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| ear marking | notches made on the edges of the ear flaps to identify cattle
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| ear tag identification | tags with numbers applied to the ears by piercing the ear flap
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| elastrator | instrument used to stretch bands over the testicles for castration
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| emasculator | surgical tool used to cut the spermatic cord during a castration procedure
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| family sized herd | a group of fewer that 100 head of cattle
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| feedlot size | the ideal weight of calves that increases size and profit
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| finishing system | production system that produces a calf through the entire adult stage and then sold as meat or for breeding
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| forager | animal that eats grass and pasture
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| free choice | food that is given in large quantities and available at all times
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| freemartin | adult cow that is sterile and now able to reproduce
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| freshening | the labor process of dairy animals
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| genetic flaws | undesired traits of characteristics passed from one or both parents to the offspring
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| gestation cycle | length of pregnancy
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| grass tetany | condition in cattle due to eating rich pasture high in nitrogen gases, causes abdominal pain
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| halter | equipment that fits over the head and is used to control the animal
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| heifer | young female cow that has not yet been bred
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| herd | group of cattle
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| herd health manager | person that maintains the records and and health care of a herd of cattle
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| horn bud | area of horn growth on top of the head
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| hypocalcemia | milk fever, condition causing low blood calcium
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| infectious bovine rhinotracheitis | respiratory virus affecting cattle, commonly called red nose
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| infertility | not capable of reproducing
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| insecticides | sprays and pour on chemicals used to control flies and other insects
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| ketosis | condition in dairy cattle that causes low blood sugar
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| lactation | the process of milk production
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| large size herd | a group of more than 100 head of cattle
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| lead | rope that attaches to a halter and is used to walk an animal
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| leptospirosis | bacterial disease transmitted in urine of infected animals
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| liquid manure system | costly waste removal system used on large farms and requires above or below ground storage tanks with water added for ease of pumping
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| manure | waste material high in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium
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| marbling | appearance of intramuscular fat within the meat
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| market weight | adult weight of cattle when they are sold for beef
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| mastitis | inflammation of the mammary gland
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| metabolic disease | conditions that cause a chemical change within the body, usually from stres
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| microchips | electronic identification in a computer chip placed under the skin
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| milk fever | low blood calcium condition called hypocalcemia
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| milking herd | group of cattle used to produce high quality amounts of milk
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| nasal septum | cartilage between the nostrils
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| neck tag identification | tag with numbers worn around the neck of cows to identify them
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| nose printing | methods similar to finger printing in which the lines of the nose are imprinted for identification
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| nose tongs | equipment placed in the nasal septum to apply pressure and allow leading
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| offspring | young animals produced by male and female animal
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| palatability | how well food tasts and is eaten
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| pedigree | the parents and breeding lines of animal's offspring
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| polled | no horn growth
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| predicted transmitting ability | how well food tastes and is eaten
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| progeny | offspring
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| purebred business | registered breed of cattle that has pedigrees
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| pushing | moving cattle by walking toward them quietly and calmly so they move away into another area
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| quarters | sections of the mammary glands that store milk
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| reefing | restraint procedure using rope to place a cow on the ground for restraint
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| retained placenta | reproductive condition in female animals where the afterbirth materials have not passed within eight hours after labor
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| roughage | hay or grass source fed to livestock and ruminants
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| selection guidelines | set of rules that state the standards of the type of cow and how it is chosen for a production program
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| sepsis | conditions when toxins enter the bloodstream causing a severe infection
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| silos | tall storage buildings that keep food free of moisture
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| sire | male parent
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| slough | tissue that dies and falls off
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| solid manure system | waste material system low in cost where manure is collected and removed ona daily basis and store on a pile away from cattle
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| sound | showing not signs of lameness or injury
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| springing heifer | young female cow that is pregnant with the first calf
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| square knot | knot tie looped into a square and used to tie and untie cattle easily
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| squeeze chute | cage like structure made of metal pipes that holds a cow and prevents the cow from kicking during restraint
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| stanchion | head gate that holds the head of a cow in place during restraint
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| starter food | easily digestible food for calves as they begin eating
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| steer | castrated male cattle
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| tail switch restraint | restraint method of twisting the tail at the base to prevent a cow from kicking and moving
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| tattoos | numbers applied to the skin using an electronic needle with ink
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| teats | sections of the mammary gland used to produce milk
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| total herd | cows that have replacement heifers when the adult cows become too old to continue milk production and breeding
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| total mix ration | nutrients needed daily within a mixture of high quality products
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| udders | mammary glands in dairy animals that produce milk
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| warm housing | heated building that holds cattle in the winter and is insulated with individual stalls for each cow
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