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ch 18 beef and dairy
Chapter 18 Beef and Dairy Cattle Breed Identification and Production Management
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abortion | condition that causes a pregnant female to lose her baby |
| alfalfa | hay high in protein |
| alveoli | tiny structures within the udder where nutrients are converted to milk |
| anthelmintics | dewormer medications used to control parasites |
| back rubbers | equipment used to allow cows to rub their back on a rolling bar that applies fly control chemicals |
| back grounding system | production system that raises calves to market size for profit |
| banding | method of castrating male livestock by using a tight rubber band placed over the testicle area to cut off circulation and cause the tissue to fall off |
| Bang's disease | common name for brucellosis |
| beef cattle | cows specifically eased for meat |
| bloat | air ingested into the stomach causing the stomach to swell |
| bovine | veterinary term for cow |
| Bovine Viral diarrhea | virus in cattle causing diarrhea and respiratory signs |
| branding | the use of extreme heat or cold temperatures to mark the skin with a number of symbol |
| brucellosis | reproductive disease of mammals passed through breeding practices |
| bull | adult male cattle of breeding age |
| calf | young newborn cattle of either gender |
| California Mastitis Test | test used to diagnose and measure the level of cell infection within the mammary glands |
| calving | the labor process of cows |
| campylobacter | bacterial infection that affects the intestinal tract or reproductive tract in cattle |
| castration | surgical removal of the testicles to prevent reproduction |
| caustic | chemicals used to butn horn buds to prevent horn growth |
| cold housing | building with no heat where air circulates out moisture and usually houses the entire herd as a group |
| colostrum | antibodies produced in the first 24 hours of the mother's milk to protect the immune system of the calf |
| commercial business | grade type of cow that is a mixed breed |
| concentrates | mixtures of food high in energy and fat |
| conformation | the body's shape and form |
| cow | adult female cow of breeding age |
| cow kicking | the direction of cows kicking to the side with their rear legs |
| cow calf system | production system that raises cattle to breed them as adults |
| creep feeders | equipment used to feed young calves that prevents adult cattle from eating the food |
| culled | to remove from the herd |
| cutability | quality and quantity of meat from a beef animals |
| dairies | buildings where cows are milked |
| dairy cattle | cows raised specifically for milk |
| dam | mother or female parent |
| dehorning | process of remoiving the horns to prevent injury to people and other animals |
| DHI program | Dairy Herd Improvement program that maintains records of dairy herd information |
| displaced abomasum | condition in cattle that causes the stomach to rotate out of place |
| DNA testing | blood or hair samples used to identify an animal's parents |
| dry cow period | time that milk production is stopped to allow the reproductive system to rest |
| dual purpose breed | breed the serves more than one purpose, in the case of cattle, both milk and meat producing breed |
| ear marking | notches made on the edges of the ear flaps to identify cattle |
| ear tag identification | tags with numbers applied to the ears by piercing the ear flap |
| elastrator | instrument used to stretch bands over the testicles for castration |
| emasculator | surgical tool used to cut the spermatic cord during a castration procedure |
| family sized herd | a group of fewer that 100 head of cattle |
| feedlot size | the ideal weight of calves that increases size and profit |
| finishing system | production system that produces a calf through the entire adult stage and then sold as meat or for breeding |
| forager | animal that eats grass and pasture |
| free choice | food that is given in large quantities and available at all times |
| freemartin | adult cow that is sterile and now able to reproduce |
| freshening | the labor process of dairy animals |
| genetic flaws | undesired traits of characteristics passed from one or both parents to the offspring |
| gestation cycle | length of pregnancy |
| grass tetany | condition in cattle due to eating rich pasture high in nitrogen gases, causes abdominal pain |
| halter | equipment that fits over the head and is used to control the animal |
| heifer | young female cow that has not yet been bred |
| herd | group of cattle |
| herd health manager | person that maintains the records and and health care of a herd of cattle |
| horn bud | area of horn growth on top of the head |
| hypocalcemia | milk fever, condition causing low blood calcium |
| infectious bovine rhinotracheitis | respiratory virus affecting cattle, commonly called red nose |
| infertility | not capable of reproducing |
| insecticides | sprays and pour on chemicals used to control flies and other insects |
| ketosis | condition in dairy cattle that causes low blood sugar |
| lactation | the process of milk production |
| large size herd | a group of more than 100 head of cattle |
| lead | rope that attaches to a halter and is used to walk an animal |
| leptospirosis | bacterial disease transmitted in urine of infected animals |
| liquid manure system | costly waste removal system used on large farms and requires above or below ground storage tanks with water added for ease of pumping |
| manure | waste material high in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium |
| marbling | appearance of intramuscular fat within the meat |
| market weight | adult weight of cattle when they are sold for beef |
| mastitis | inflammation of the mammary gland |
| metabolic disease | conditions that cause a chemical change within the body, usually from stres |
| microchips | electronic identification in a computer chip placed under the skin |
| milk fever | low blood calcium condition called hypocalcemia |
| milking herd | group of cattle used to produce high quality amounts of milk |
| nasal septum | cartilage between the nostrils |
| neck tag identification | tag with numbers worn around the neck of cows to identify them |
| nose printing | methods similar to finger printing in which the lines of the nose are imprinted for identification |
| nose tongs | equipment placed in the nasal septum to apply pressure and allow leading |
| offspring | young animals produced by male and female animal |
| palatability | how well food tasts and is eaten |
| pedigree | the parents and breeding lines of animal's offspring |
| polled | no horn growth |
| predicted transmitting ability | how well food tastes and is eaten |
| progeny | offspring |
| purebred business | registered breed of cattle that has pedigrees |
| pushing | moving cattle by walking toward them quietly and calmly so they move away into another area |
| quarters | sections of the mammary glands that store milk |
| reefing | restraint procedure using rope to place a cow on the ground for restraint |
| retained placenta | reproductive condition in female animals where the afterbirth materials have not passed within eight hours after labor |
| roughage | hay or grass source fed to livestock and ruminants |
| selection guidelines | set of rules that state the standards of the type of cow and how it is chosen for a production program |
| sepsis | conditions when toxins enter the bloodstream causing a severe infection |
| silos | tall storage buildings that keep food free of moisture |
| sire | male parent |
| slough | tissue that dies and falls off |
| solid manure system | waste material system low in cost where manure is collected and removed ona daily basis and store on a pile away from cattle |
| sound | showing not signs of lameness or injury |
| springing heifer | young female cow that is pregnant with the first calf |
| square knot | knot tie looped into a square and used to tie and untie cattle easily |
| squeeze chute | cage like structure made of metal pipes that holds a cow and prevents the cow from kicking during restraint |
| stanchion | head gate that holds the head of a cow in place during restraint |
| starter food | easily digestible food for calves as they begin eating |
| steer | castrated male cattle |
| tail switch restraint | restraint method of twisting the tail at the base to prevent a cow from kicking and moving |
| tattoos | numbers applied to the skin using an electronic needle with ink |
| teats | sections of the mammary gland used to produce milk |
| total herd | cows that have replacement heifers when the adult cows become too old to continue milk production and breeding |
| total mix ration | nutrients needed daily within a mixture of high quality products |
| udders | mammary glands in dairy animals that produce milk |
| warm housing | heated building that holds cattle in the winter and is insulated with individual stalls for each cow |
Created by:
tromanczak
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