Health Assessment Vocab
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Angina pectoris | Acute chest pain that occurs when myocardial demand exceeds its oxygen supply
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| Aortic regurgitation | (Aortic insufficiency) incompetent aortic valve that allows backward flow of blood into left ventricle during diastole
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| Aortic stenosis | Calcification of aortic valve cups that restricts forward flow of blood during systole
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| Aortic valve | The left semilunar valve separating the left ventricle and the aorta
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| Apex of the heart | Tip of the heart pointing down toward the 5th left intercostal space
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| Apical impulse | (Point of maximal impulse, PMI) puslation created as the left ventricle rotates against the chest wall during systole, normally at the 5th left intercostal space in the midclavicular line
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| Base of the heart | Broader area of theheart's outline located at the 3rd right and left intercostal space
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| Bell (of the stethoscope) | Cup-shaped endpiece used for soft, low-pitched heart sounds
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| Bradycardia | Slow heart rate, <50 beats per minute in the adult
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| Clubbing | Bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers and toes that occurs with chronic cyanotic heart and lung conditions
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| Coarctation of aorta | Severe narrowing of the descending aorta, a congenital heart defect
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| Cor pulmonale | Right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension
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| Cyanosis | Dusky blue mottling of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive amount of reduced hemoglobin in the blood
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| Diaphragm (of the stethoscope) | Flat endpiece of the stethoscope used for hearing relatively high-pitched heart sounds
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| Diastole | The heart's filling phase
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| Dyspnea | Difficult, labored breathing
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| Edema | Swelling of legs or dependent body part due to increased insterstitial fluid
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| Erb's Point | Traditional auscultatory area in the 3rd left intercostal space
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| First heart sound (S1) | Occurs with closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves signaling the beginning of systole
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| Fourth heart sound (S4) | (S4 gallop; atrial gallop) very soft, low-pitched ventricular filling sound that occurs in late diastole
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| Gallop rhythm | The addition of a 3rd or a 4th heart sound makes the rhythm sound like the cadence of a galloping horse
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| Inching | Technique of moving the stethoscope incrementally across the precordium through the auscultatory areas while listening to the heart sounds
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| LVH (Left ventricular hypertrophy) | Increase in thickness of myocardial wall that occurs when the heart pumps against chronic outflow obstruction
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| MCL (midclavicular line) | Imaginary vertical line bisecting the middle of the clavicle in each hemithorax
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| Mitral regurgitation | (Mitral insufficiency) Incompetent mitral valve allows regurgiation of blood back into left atrium during systole
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| Mitral stenosis | Calcified mitral valve impedes forward flow of blood into left ventricle during diastole
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| Mitral Valve | Left AV valve spearating the left atria and ventricle
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| Palpitation | Uncomfortable awareness of rapid or irregular heart rate
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| Paradoxical Splitting | Opposite of a normal split S2 so that the split is heard in expiration, and in inspiration the sounds fuse to one sound
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| Pericardial Friction Rub | High-pitched, scratchy extracardiac sound heard when the precordium is inflamed
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| Physiologic Splitting | Normal variation in S2 heard as two separate components during inspiration
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| Precordium | Area of the chest wall overlying the heart and great vessels
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| Pulmonic regurgitation | (Pulmonic insufficiency) Backflow of blood through incompetent pulmonic valve into the right ventricle
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| Pulmonic Stenosis | Calcification of pulmonic valve that restricts forward flow of blood during systole
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| Pulmonic Valve | Right semilunar valve separating the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
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| Second Heart Sound (S2) | Occurs with closure of the semilunar valves, aortic and pulmonic, and signals the end of systole
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| Summation Gallop | Abnormal mid-diastolic heart sound heard when both the pathologic S3 and S4 are present
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| Syncope | Temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased cerebral blood flow (fainting), caused by ventricular asystole, pronounced bracycardia, or ventricular fibrillation
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| Systole | The heart's pumping phase
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| Tachycardia | Rapid heart rate, >90 beats per minute in the adult
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| Third Heart Sound (S3) | Soft, low-pitched ventricular filling sound that occurs in early diastole (S3 gallop) and may be an early sign of heart failure
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| Thrill | Palpable vibration on the chest wall accompanying severe heart murmur
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| Tricuspid Valve | Right AV valve separating the right atria and ventricle
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