Chapter 4
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Assessment order of ROM | Active, Passive, against resistance
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| Active Range of Motion (AROM) | the movement of a body part through an arc of motion with active muscular contraction.
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| Active assistive range of motion (AAROM) | the movement of a body part through an arc of motion with a combination of active muscular contraction and external force
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| Passive range of motion (PROM) | the movement of a part of the body through an arc of motion by an external force
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| Resisted Range of motion (RROM) | the movement of a body part with active muscular contraction against a graded resistance
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| Painful arc | pain that occurs at a certain point in the ROM of a joint. It disappears when motion is past point
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| Inert Tissue | tissue that does not contract. Ex: bone, ligament, cartilage
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| Contractile tissue | structures that are involved in a muscle contraction
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| End Feel | the quality of resistance at the end of the motion
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| Assessment of AROM | Assessed 1st compared to uninjured limb. pain location and arcs are noted
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| AROM restrictions | Soft tissue restriction/muscle tightness, muscle imbalances, contracture of soft tissue joint capsule or articular structures, neural tension, postural imbalances, joint dysfunction
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| Assessment of PROM | patient must be in a good position, soft tissues around joint should be in a relaxed position. used for regain, increase, or maintain ROM when muscle contraction is contradicted.
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| Endfeels | the palpitation or tension of the joint at the end of ROM
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| Normal Endfeels | Capsular/ligamentous (firm), Bony, muscle stretch, soft tissue approximation
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| Capsular/ligamentous (firm) endfeel | firm end point with slight give:
Stretching leather belt
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| Bony endfeel | Abrupt hard end feel; bone contracting bone is restricting ROM.
pushing tow hard objects together
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| Muscle stretch endfeel | Stretchy or rubbery end feel. Muscle tightness is restricting joint ROM:
Stretching a heavy exercise band.
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| Soft tissue approximation endfeel | mushy end feel. Muscle and fat are pushing against each other, restricting ROM:
Pushing firm pillows together
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| Abnormal Endfeels | Muscular spasm, Loose, springy, empty
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| Muscular spasm | "muscle guarding," tight restrictive feeling often from pain experienced at a point in the painful range
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| Loose endfeel | Range of motion beyond normal limits
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| Springy endfeel | a stop and rebound at some point in th reange of motion
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| Empty endfeel | no end feel is apparent
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| Evaluation of ROM | evaluated withe goniometer, bubble goniometer, inclinometer, or tape measure before exercise and after treatment
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| Resisted ROM | used to determine general muscle weakness or pain in the muscle performing motion: resistance applied mid ROM
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| Muscular lesions: Strong and painless | normal/no injury
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| Muscular lesions: Strong and painful | 1st or 2nd degree muscular strain
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| Muscular lesion: Weak and painless | 3rd degree strain/complete rupture on muscle or tendon
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| Muscular lesion: weak and painful | major injury to muscle/tendon or both
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