Chapter 9 Antibacterial Drugs
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| the ability of a bacterium to resist the effects of antibacterials | Antibiotic resistance
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| a drug that reduces the number of bacteria by killing them directly | bactericidal
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| a drug that reduces the number of bacteria by preventing them form dividing and growing rather than directly killing them | bacteriostatic
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| stage of drug development in which later generations are changed slightly to improve their effectiveness or means of administration | drug generation
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| invasion by microorganisms that disturb the normal environment and cause harm or disease | Infection
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| bacteria or other organisms that do not overgrow or cause infection, systemic disease or tissue damage | nonpathogenic organisms
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| bacteria or other organisms that cause infection only when immune system is suppressed | opportunistic organisms
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| bacteria or other organism that causes infection | pathogenic organisms
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| a measure of how many different types of bacteria a drug can kill or prevent from growing | spectrum of efficacy
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| bacteria or other organism that either can be killed by or have their reproduction reduced by an antibacterial drug | susceptible organisms
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| the measure of how well bacteria can invade and spread despite a normal immune response | virulence
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| also known as blood poisoning | sepsis
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| disappearance of s/s of infection | intended responses of antibacterial therapy
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| Diarrhea, thrush, vaginal yeast infections | Side effects of antibacterial therapy
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| allergic reactions, anaphylaxis, pseudomembranous colitis | Adverse effects of antibacterial therapy
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| Four types of antibacterial drugs | Cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis inhibitors, metabolism inhibitors, and DNA synthesis inhibitors
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| Bactericidal, prevent bacteria from forming cell walls are intended responses for what type of antibacterial drug | Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
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| with vancomycin and carbapenems nausea/vomitting, chills, red mans syndrome, reduced hearing and kidney function | side effects of cell wall synthesis inhibitors
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| CNS changes and kidney damage, can also cause confusion or seizures | Adverse effects of cell wall synthesis
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| cell wall inhibitors are bactericidal or bacteriostatic? | Bactericidal
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| oral cepahlosporins are absorbed slow with iron supplements and antacids so give when | one hour before or four hours after the dose of antacid
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| how slow should you give vancomycin | at least over 60 minutes IV
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| in older adults these anitbacterial drugs can cause otoxicity, nephrotoxicity more likely | Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
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| Protein synthesis inhibitors are bactericidal or bacteriostatic | They are both
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| Nausea, vomiting, rash, fever, and lethargy | common side effects of Aminoglycosides
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| Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and photosensitivity | common side effects of Marcolides
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| Nausea vomiting, diarrhea, sore tongue, and photosensitivity---More likely to promote yeast infections | Tetracyclines
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| This medication is usually bacteriostatic but if given in high doses it can be bactericidal | Clyndamycin
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| ototoxity, nephrotoxicity, and neuromuscular blockage | adverse effects of Aminoglycosides
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| Many serious drug interactions-especially Coumadin, and Digoxin | adverse effects of Marcolides
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| Increased cranial pressure, dizziness, confusion, and blurred vision | adverse effects of Tetracyclines
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| reduced liver function, decreased WBC count, if infused too rapidly cardiac arrest or shock could occur | adverse effects of Clindamycin
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| assess breathing baseline, lab tests, and hearing | Things you should check before giving Aminoglycides
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| Other medications, and give erythromycin with eight hours of dilution | things you should check before giving Marcolides
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| food (take meds 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal), antacids, dairy products decrease absorption | Things you should check before giving Tetracyclines
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| take with food to decrease GI side effects and avoid sun exposure | Patient teaching for Marcolides
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| avoid sun exposure and do not take with food or milk | Patient teaching for Tetracyclines
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| avoid taking foods containing tyramine | Patient teaching for Linezolid
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| some food contain this and it can result in high BP | Tyramine
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| otoxicity and nephrotoxicity more likley---monitor output closely | Older adults taking Protein synthesis inhibitors
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| type of chemical can easily turn into crystals that form kidney stones | Sulfonamides
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| HA, fever, skin rash, and photosensitivity | Metabolism Inhibitors
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| suppression of bone marrow cell division(monitor RBC and WBC) and Steven Johnson syndrome | adverse effects of metabolism inhibitors
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| includes skin peeling, sloughing off, and blisters | Steven-Johnson syndrome
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| Sulfa allergies, blood disorders, and lab tests | Things to check before giving Metabolism inhibitors
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| Jaundice, bruises, blisters and offer water every four hours | things to check after administering meds
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| avoid sunlight, take with full glass of water, and drink more water to prevent crystalluria | patient teaching for metabolism inhibitors
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| have more intense side effects and anemia, increased risk for bleeding | older adult considerations while taking metabolism inhibitors
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| inhibit production of DNA, preventing bacterial reproduction | DNA synthesis inhibitors
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| these drugs can concentrate in urine and make urine painful | DNA synthesis inhibitors
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| causes serious heart dsyrhythmias, neurotoxicity, changes in glucose levels | adverse effects of taking DNA inhibitors
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| tendon rupture is more common | with older adults taking Fluoroquinolones
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| caused by overused, overprescribed, improperly taken antibacterial drugs | Antibacterial drug resistance
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