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VNSG 1231 Exam 3
Chapter 9 Antibacterial Drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the ability of a bacterium to resist the effects of antibacterials | Antibiotic resistance |
| a drug that reduces the number of bacteria by killing them directly | bactericidal |
| a drug that reduces the number of bacteria by preventing them form dividing and growing rather than directly killing them | bacteriostatic |
| stage of drug development in which later generations are changed slightly to improve their effectiveness or means of administration | drug generation |
| invasion by microorganisms that disturb the normal environment and cause harm or disease | Infection |
| bacteria or other organisms that do not overgrow or cause infection, systemic disease or tissue damage | nonpathogenic organisms |
| bacteria or other organisms that cause infection only when immune system is suppressed | opportunistic organisms |
| bacteria or other organism that causes infection | pathogenic organisms |
| a measure of how many different types of bacteria a drug can kill or prevent from growing | spectrum of efficacy |
| bacteria or other organism that either can be killed by or have their reproduction reduced by an antibacterial drug | susceptible organisms |
| the measure of how well bacteria can invade and spread despite a normal immune response | virulence |
| also known as blood poisoning | sepsis |
| disappearance of s/s of infection | intended responses of antibacterial therapy |
| Diarrhea, thrush, vaginal yeast infections | Side effects of antibacterial therapy |
| allergic reactions, anaphylaxis, pseudomembranous colitis | Adverse effects of antibacterial therapy |
| Four types of antibacterial drugs | Cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis inhibitors, metabolism inhibitors, and DNA synthesis inhibitors |
| Bactericidal, prevent bacteria from forming cell walls are intended responses for what type of antibacterial drug | Cell wall synthesis inhibitors |
| with vancomycin and carbapenems nausea/vomitting, chills, red mans syndrome, reduced hearing and kidney function | side effects of cell wall synthesis inhibitors |
| CNS changes and kidney damage, can also cause confusion or seizures | Adverse effects of cell wall synthesis |
| cell wall inhibitors are bactericidal or bacteriostatic? | Bactericidal |
| oral cepahlosporins are absorbed slow with iron supplements and antacids so give when | one hour before or four hours after the dose of antacid |
| how slow should you give vancomycin | at least over 60 minutes IV |
| in older adults these anitbacterial drugs can cause otoxicity, nephrotoxicity more likely | Cell wall synthesis inhibitors |
| Protein synthesis inhibitors are bactericidal or bacteriostatic | They are both |
| Nausea, vomiting, rash, fever, and lethargy | common side effects of Aminoglycosides |
| Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and photosensitivity | common side effects of Marcolides |
| Nausea vomiting, diarrhea, sore tongue, and photosensitivity---More likely to promote yeast infections | Tetracyclines |
| This medication is usually bacteriostatic but if given in high doses it can be bactericidal | Clyndamycin |
| ototoxity, nephrotoxicity, and neuromuscular blockage | adverse effects of Aminoglycosides |
| Many serious drug interactions-especially Coumadin, and Digoxin | adverse effects of Marcolides |
| Increased cranial pressure, dizziness, confusion, and blurred vision | adverse effects of Tetracyclines |
| reduced liver function, decreased WBC count, if infused too rapidly cardiac arrest or shock could occur | adverse effects of Clindamycin |
| assess breathing baseline, lab tests, and hearing | Things you should check before giving Aminoglycides |
| Other medications, and give erythromycin with eight hours of dilution | things you should check before giving Marcolides |
| food (take meds 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal), antacids, dairy products decrease absorption | Things you should check before giving Tetracyclines |
| take with food to decrease GI side effects and avoid sun exposure | Patient teaching for Marcolides |
| avoid sun exposure and do not take with food or milk | Patient teaching for Tetracyclines |
| avoid taking foods containing tyramine | Patient teaching for Linezolid |
| some food contain this and it can result in high BP | Tyramine |
| otoxicity and nephrotoxicity more likley---monitor output closely | Older adults taking Protein synthesis inhibitors |
| type of chemical can easily turn into crystals that form kidney stones | Sulfonamides |
| HA, fever, skin rash, and photosensitivity | Metabolism Inhibitors |
| suppression of bone marrow cell division(monitor RBC and WBC) and Steven Johnson syndrome | adverse effects of metabolism inhibitors |
| includes skin peeling, sloughing off, and blisters | Steven-Johnson syndrome |
| Sulfa allergies, blood disorders, and lab tests | Things to check before giving Metabolism inhibitors |
| Jaundice, bruises, blisters and offer water every four hours | things to check after administering meds |
| avoid sunlight, take with full glass of water, and drink more water to prevent crystalluria | patient teaching for metabolism inhibitors |
| have more intense side effects and anemia, increased risk for bleeding | older adult considerations while taking metabolism inhibitors |
| inhibit production of DNA, preventing bacterial reproduction | DNA synthesis inhibitors |
| these drugs can concentrate in urine and make urine painful | DNA synthesis inhibitors |
| causes serious heart dsyrhythmias, neurotoxicity, changes in glucose levels | adverse effects of taking DNA inhibitors |
| tendon rupture is more common | with older adults taking Fluoroquinolones |
| caused by overused, overprescribed, improperly taken antibacterial drugs | Antibacterial drug resistance |
Created by:
nursekk
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