| Question | Answer |
| 1. Most common reason for a newborn boy not to urinate during the first day of life.
2. Diagnostic workup | 1. Posterior urethral valves
2. voiding cystourethrogram |
| Very severe testicular pain of sudden onset.
1. fever, swollen testicle
2. swollen, high riding testicle | 1. epididymitis
2. torsion |
| 1. What is the cause of recurrent UTI's in a child
2. Management | 1. Vesicoureteral reflex and infection
2. empirical antibiotics, intravenous pyelogram and voiding cystogram |
| Adolescent female feels need to urinate, and voids at appropriate intervals but is wet with urine all the time. | Low implantation of a ureter into the vagina. The other ureter has normal placement |
| Workup for hematuria. | CT scan followed by cytoscopy |
| Management of a septic patient with nephrolithiasis. | 1. IV antibiotics
2. decompression by ureteral stent or percutaneous nephrostomy |
| 1. What are the two main causes of air coming out in the urine?
2. What tests are used for diagnosis? | 1. diverticulitis or cancer causing a fistula between the sigmoid and dome of the bladder
2. CT scan first to rule out cancer followed later by sigmoidoscopic examination |
| Treatment for testicular torsion. | bilateral orchiopexy |
| Treatment for painless testicular mass. | Radical orchiectomy and sampling of inguinal lymph nodes |
| Which test is useful for detecting urinary system dilation (i.e. from obstruction). | sonogram |
| What is a contraindication for intravenous pyelogram? | creatinine >2 |
| Renal mass differential diagnosis | 1. renal cell carcinoma
2. simple cyst
3. oncocytoma
4. angiomyolipoma |
| What is the treatment of choice for superficial bladder cancer? | intravesical BCG |
| What are the treatment options for bone metastases from prostate cancer? | 1. androgen ablation
2. orchiectomy
3. luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists (flutamide) |
| 1. What size ureteral stones usually pass spontaneously?
2. What management is given? | 1. 3mm or less
2. analgesics and fluids |
| Which test is perform to evaluate suspected urethral injury? | retrograde urethrogram |
| Patient being allowed to pass a ureteral stone suddenly develops chills, fever spike and flank pain. What is the management? | immediate decompression with ureteral stent or percutaneous nephrostomy |
| Woman with multiple pregnancies leaks urine when laughing, sneezing or lifting heavy objects. | Stress incontinence from weak pelvic floor |
