| Question | Answer |
| 5 components of PRM | 1.motility of brain and spinal cord.
2.fluctuation of CSF.
3.Mobility of intracranial and intraspinal membranes.
4.Mobility of cranial bones.
5.Involuntary mobility of the sacrum b/w the ilium. |
| What all is included in the cranial base? | formed by cartilaginous bone instead of membranous bone. Consists of:
1.Sphenoid.
2.Occiput. |
| Does a synchondrosis contain synovium? | NO. union of 2 bones by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage. |
| What is the sphenobasilar synchondrosis? | fibrocartilage junction b/w the basisphenoid and the basiocciput. |
| Cranial base Strains are named based on what cranial structure's motion? | SBS |
| 4 parts to the sphenoid | 1.Central body.
2.Greater wings.
3.Lesser wings.
4.Pterygoid processes. |
| The sphenoid articulates with what bones? | 1.Frontal.
2.Parietal.
3.Temporal.
4.Occiput.
5.ethmoid.
6.palatines.
7.vomer.
8.Zygomatic bone. |
| Motion of the SBS during flexion | SBS rises superiorly, Spenoid and occiput rotate in opposite directions about 2 parallel transverse axes.
**Both cause inferior movements and widening. (wrists move apart and head feels fatter) |
| Motion of the SBS during extension | SBS moves inferiorly. The sphenoid and occiput rotate in opposite directions about 2 parallel transverse axes.
**Both cause superior movements and narrowing.(wrists move closer together) |
| 4 PHYSIOLOGIC strain patterns (normal patterns) | 1.Flexion.
2.Extension.
3.Torsion (R & L).
4.Sidebending rotations (R & L).
**NOT related to trauma |
| 3 NON-physiologic strain patterns (abnormal patterns) | 1.Vertical strains (Inferior & superior).
2.Lateral strains (R&L).
3.SBS compression (no movement at all: 0/5).
**Usually DO to TRAUMA |
| Physiologic strain pattern: Flexion SD | Extreme or exaggerated flexion with DECREASED extension of SBS.
**Football or Ernie head. |
| Physiologic strain pattern: Extension SD | Extreme or exaggerated extension with DECREASED flexion of the SBS.
**Skinny or Bert head. |
| What type of physiological strain pattern would cause sinus drainage and asthma problems? | EXTENSION SD |
| Physiologic strain pattern: SBS torsion (R&L) | Sphenoid and occiput rotate opposite directions about the AP axis. Named by which greater wing of sphenoid goes superior.
**if R index finger rises, R torsion. If L index finger rises, L torsion |
| Physiologic strain pattern: SBS Sidebending Rotation | Sphenoid and occiput rotate in SAME direction about the AP axis, but they sidebend in OPPOSITE directions about the vertical axis.
**Rotation and name is towards convexity. (The side that gets fatter) |
| What type of strain: L hand gets wider and drops lower than the R. R gets more narrow | L SBS Sidebending rotation.
**R side will almost feel flat and motionless while the L side bulges. |
| Non-Physiologic strain pattern: Vertical strain | Sphenoid and occiput rotate in same direction around transverse axes due to shearing force. This causes sphenoid to shift either superior or inferior to occiput.
**named for position of sphenoid base to the occiput base (greater wings will be opposite) |
| Non-Physiologic strain pattern: Superior vertical strain | Base of sphenoid shifts up in relation to basiocciput.
**Greater wings go down, index fingers will go down towards patients feet with vault hold. |
| Non-Physiologic strain pattern: Inferior vertical strain | The base of the sphenoid moves inferiorly to the basiocciput.
**Greater wings will go upwards and Index fingers will come back towards you with vault hold. |
| Getting a helmet to helmet hit to the top of the head would cause what type of vertical strain? | Inferior |
| Getting an uppercut to the chin could cause which type of vertical strain? | Superior |
| Non-Physiologic strain pattern: Lateral strains | Sphenoid and occiput rotate in the same direction around 2 parallel vertical axis due to shearing force just ant or posterior to SBS.
**named for position of basisphenoid to basiocciput. |
| Non-Physiologic strain pattern: L lateral strain | Sphenoid base is sheared L in relation to basiocciput.
**Both index fingers will move to the R, both PINKY fingers to the L |
| Non-Physiologic strain pattern: R lateral strain | Sphenoid base is sheared to the R in relation to the basiocciput.
**Both index fingers will move to the L, both PINKY fingers to the R |
| Non-Physiologic strain pattern: SBS compression | Sphenoid and Occiput have been forced together. little or no motion.
**Graded 0/5 |
| causes of SBS compression | 1.Trauma.
2.Fever.
3.metabolic problems. |
| What can be responsible for suckling dysfunctions in newborns? | 1.Occipital condylar compression (XII).
2.Dysfunctions of IX & X at jugular foramen. |
