| Question | Answer |
| Cranial Vault Vs. Cranial Base development | Vault: develops from membranous bone.
Base: develops from cartilaginous bone. |
| Unpaired bones of the vault | 1.Occiput.
2.Sphenoid. |
| Paired bones of the vault | 1.Frontal (meptopic suture).
2.Parietals.
3.Temporals. |
| What all does the cranial vault consist of? | 1.frontal bone.
2.Parietal bones.
3.squamous portion of the occipital bone.
4.Greater wing of the sphenoid bone.
5.Temporal bones. |
| What motions will occur between the unpaired/midline bones of the vault? | Flexion & extension. |
| What motions will occur between the paired bones of the vault? | Internal & External rotation. |
| Flexion of midline bones cuases what in paired bones? | External Rotation. |
| Extension of midline bones causes what in paired bones? | Internal Rotation. |
| What does the occiput articulate with? | 1.Atlas (at condyles).
2.Sphenoid (synchondrosis).
3.Parietal bones (lambdoidal suture).
4.Temporal bones (occipitomastoid suture). |
| What does the sphenoid bone articulate with? | 1.Occiput (SBS).
2.Temporal bones (petrous part).
3.Ethmoid (anteriorly).
4.Palatine bones (Inferiorly).
5.Frontal bone.
6.Vomer (inferiorly). |
| which wings of the sphenoid articulate with the frontal bone? | BOTH |
| Dysfunction patterns of Occiput | 1.Injury to O-A joint.
2.Trauma to Occiput.
3.muscle dysfunction of suboccipital muscles.
4.Sutural restrictions with temporal and parietal bones. |
| Dysfunction patterns of sphenoid | 1.Linkage to CN I-VI.
2.Endocrine problems.
3.Trauma with forceps delivery. |
| What does the Frontal bone articulate with? | 1.Parietals.
2.Ethmoid.
3.Both wings of sphenoid.
4.Lacrimal & nasal bones.
5.Zygomatic bone.
6.Maxillary bone. |
| What has inferior attachments to the frontal bone bilaterally? | Falx Cerebri.
**Attaches at Fronto-ethmoidal articulation |
| When do the frontal sinuses form? | ~6y/o |
| Movement of frontal bone | 1.Flexion: Down, opening at bregma.
2.Extension: Up, closing and becoming flatter. |
| Overlaping order of the 4 bones articulating at the Pterion | Deep to superficial:
1.Frontal.
2.parietal.
3.sphenoid.
4.temporal.
**wedging the frontal bone inside others will restrict spehnoid and thus SBS. |
| Treatment for Frontal bone SD | Frontal Lift: mobilizes the frontal bone, freeing up the flax cerebri.
**Helps free up sutures, frontal sinus congestion, and frontal headaches. |
| What bones do the parietal bones articulate with? | 1.Contralateral parietal bone.
2.Sphenoid.
3.Temporal.
4.Occipital.
5.Frontal. |
| What bone encloses the anterior and posterior divisions of the middle meningeal artery? | Parietal bones |
| What bone covers the motor cortex? | Parietal bones
**located in parietal lobes. |
| Parietal bones motion | 1.Internal rotation (w/ ext): Opens up in the center at sagital suture, inferior portion moves inward.
2.External rotation (Flexion): fold down about sagital suture, inferior portion moves outward. |
| Treatment for parietal bone SD | Parietal Lift: helps with hypertensive headaches, impulsive/aggressive children, idiopathic epilepsy, enhances drainage from superior sagittal sinuses. |
| What bones do the Temporal bones articulate with? | 1.Sphenoid (at petrous part).
2.Occipital (occipitalmastoid suture).
3.Parietal (superiorly).
4.Zygoma.
5.Mandible. |
| Temporal bones motion | 1.Internal rotation (w/ extension): mastoid processes move outward.
2.External rotation (w/ flexion): mastoid processes move outward. |
| What bone should be checked in a patient with torticollis? | TEMPORAL BONE.
**SCM attaches to mastoid process. |
| Temporal bone axis of rotation is parallel to the ________? | Ext Aud. Canal |
| What is the most common dysfunction seen with temporal bone SD? | Vertigo |
| SD of what bone causes strabismus? | TEMPORAL (extraocular CN are in contact with temporal bone). |
| Other common temporal SDs | 1.Dyslexia.
2.TMJ.
3.Eustachian tube.
4.CNVII and CNVIII. |
| Treatment for temporal SD | Temporal balancing through decompression |
