| Question | Answer |
| Rust's Sign | Severe muscular strain, ligmentous instability, posterior disc defect, upper cervical fracture, dislocation |
| Valsalva Sign | SOL in cervical canal/foramen |
| Foraminal Compression Test | Local: Foraminal encroachment w/ nerve root compresion
Radicular: Foraminal encroachment w/ nerve root compression |
| Flexion Compression Test | Inc. Radicular: Disc problem
Dec. Local: apophyseal capsulitis |
| Extension Compression Test | Dec. Radicular: Disc problem
Inc. Radicular: Foraminal encroachment
Inc. Local: apophyseal capsulitis |
| Jackson's Compression Test | Local: Foraminal encroachment w/ nerve root compresion
Radicular: Foraminal encroachment w/ nerve root compression |
| Cervical Distraction Test | Inc. Local: Muscular spasm, strain, sprain, apophyseal capsulitis
Dec. Radicular: Disc problem, foraminal encroachment |
| Shoulder Depression Test | Inc Local same side: Muscle spasm/strain/sprain, adhesion, ligament injury
Inc. Opposite side: Disc defect, foraminal encroachment,
Inc Radicular: TOS, neurovascular bundle compression
Inc. |
| Brudzinski's (Lindner's) Test | Meningitis
-nerve root involvement |
| Soto Hall | Inc. Local: Ligament, Muscular, Osseous, cervical cord problem
+Radicular: Disc problem |
| Hallpike's Test | +Dizziness, Vertigo, Faintness, Blurry vision, Nystagmus, Nausea |
| Adam's Position | +Dec. angle: Functional Scoliosis
+No change: Anatomical/structural scoliosis |
| Schepelman's Test | +Same side: Intercostal neuritis
+Opposite side: Pleuritis or intercostal sprain |
| Chest Expansion Test | +<2in or <1in: Ankylosing spondylitis |
| Sternal Compression Test | Rib Fracture |
| Beevor's Sign | +Cephalad movement: Lower muscular weakness T10-T12
+Caudad movement: Upper muscular weakness T7-T10 |
| Minor's Sign | Sciatica (Sciatic radiculopathy) |
| Bechterew's Test | +Compression of sciatic nerve, lumbar nerve roots, or disc protrusion |
| Slump Test | Disc problem |
| Kemp's Test | Local pain: apophyseal capsulitis
Radicular same side: lateral disc protrusion
Radicular opposite side: medial disc protrusion |
| Turyn's Test | +Gluteal region pain: Sciatic radiculopathy |
| Well Leg Raise | Inc. radicular pain: Medial disc protrusion
Dec. radicular pain: Lateral disc protrusion |
| Lasegue's Test | +Dec. pain w/ knee flexion: sciatic radiculopathy |
| Straight Leg Raise | +0-35: SI joint, Piriformis syndrome
+35-70: Disc defect
+70-90: Lumbar joint problem
+dull posterior thigh pain: tight hamstrings |
| Kernig's Sign | +Inc. pain with leg straightening: Meningitis, Sciatic radiculopathy |
| Bragard's Test | +0-35: SI joint, Piriformis syndrome
+35-70: Disc defect
+70-90: Lumbar joint problem
+dull posterior thigh pain: tight hamstrings |
| Bonnet's Test | +Radicular pain, paresthesia |
| Milgram's Test | +Low back pain: SOL |
| Hoover's Sign | +no posterior pressure on unaffected leg: malingering |
| Burn's Bench Test | +Unable to perform test b/c LBP complaints: malingering |
| Prone Lumbar Hyperextension Test | +Pain: Lumbar sprain/strain |
| Subacromial Push BUtton Sign | +Pain: Subacromial bursitis |
| Dawbarn's Test | +Pain: Bursitis
Abduction decreases pain:subacromial bursitis |
| Dugas Test | +Inability to tough the shoulder, pain: anterior instability/dislocation of humeral head |
| Apley's Scratch Test | +Pain: rotator cuff tendinitis |
| Drop Arm (Codman's) Test | +Not able to lower arm slowly or arm drops suddenly: rotator cuff tear |
| Neer Impingement Sign | +Pain: supraspinatus, biceps tendinitis (overuse) |
| Empty Can Test | +Pain over greater tubercle of humerus: tear or tenditis of supraspinatus
+deltoid pain: strained deltoid
+Weakness: suprascapular neuropathy |
| Speed's Test | +bicipital groove pain: bicipital tendinitis |
| Lippman's Test | +Pain: Bicipital tendinitis, ruptured transverse humeral ligament |
| Yergason's Test | +Local pain: bicipital tendinitis
+Displacement of bicipital tendon: ruptured transverse humeral ligament |
| Anterior Apprehension Test | +Local Pain: |
| Posterior Apprehension Test | +Local Pain: |
| Wright's Hyperabduction test | +Dec. pulse: TOS (pec minor compression of axillary artery) |
| Adson's Test | +Dec. pulse: TOS (scalenus anterior compression of subclavian artery)
+Presthesia/Radiculopthy of UE: Compression of brachial plexus |
| Reverse Adson's Test | +Dec Pulse: TOS Scalenus Medius compression of subclavian artery |
| Eden's (Costoclavicular) Test | +Dec. Pulse: TOS (hypertonic subclavius muscle, dislocation of medical clavicle, fracture of 1st rib/clavicle |
| Roo's Test (EAST) | +Arm weakness, discoloration: TOS |
