| Question | Answer |
| Define toxidrome. | A toxic syndrome made up of a constellation of signs and symptoms that consistently result from particular toxins. |
| Name some common toxidromes. | Cholinergic.
Anticholinergic.
Narcotic/opioid.
Sedative/hypnotic.
Sympathomimetics.
Hallicinogenics. |
| What does a cholinergic toxidrome lead to? | Elevated levels of acetylcholine. |
| What are common cholinergics? | Nicotine.
Mushrooms. |
| What are common anticholinesterases. | Organophosphates.
Carbamate insecticides.
Nerve gas (sarin).
Urethanes. |
| What are common organophosphates? | Nerve gasses.
Insecticides.
Herbicides. |
| What are the symptoms of cholinergenic overdose. | DUMBELS=
Diaphoresis, diarrhoea, decreased blood pressure.
Urination.
Miosis.
Bronchorrhea, bronchospasm, bradicardia.
Emesis, excitation of skeletal muscle.
Lacrimation(tears).
Salivation, seizures. |
| What is the management for cholinergic toxidromes? | Atropine and supporting ABC's. |
| What are anticholinergic drugs? | Drugs that generally interfere with the binding of acetylcholine to muscarinic receptors. |
| What is the result of anticholinergic drugs affecting acetylcholine's binding? | The parasympathetic nervous system is inhibited or blocked. |
| What are examples of anticholinergic drugs? | Atropine.
Antihistamines.
Antipsychotics.
Antiparkinsons.
TCA's. |
| What are the symptoms of anticholinergic toxidromes? | Altered LOC: agitation, hallicinations.
Mydriasis (pupil dilation) and blurred vision.
Hot, dry, flushed skin - hyperthermia.
Dry mucus membranes.
Tachycardias'palpations,arryhythmias.
GI: Urinary retention, decreased bowel sounds. |
| What are the management for anicholinergic toxidromes? | Support ABC.
Monitor ECG.
IV. |
