| Question | Answer |
| Other CLL manisfestations | Lymphadenopathy
Hepatomegalgy/Splenomegaly
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Autoimmune complications
Destruction of RBC and platelets |
| AML Clinical manifestations | Fever and infection (Neutropenia)
Weakness and fatigue (Anemia)
Bleeding tendencies (Thrombocytopenia)
Pain from an enlarged liver or spleen (Proliferation of leukocytes)
Hyperplasia of the gums (Proliferation of leukocytes)
Bone pain (Expansion |
| ALL medical management | Expected outcome is complete remission
Induction Therapy
Corticosteroids
Vinc Alkaloiods
Chemotherap |
| clinical manifestations of hemolytic anemia | Cardiac
Hemoglobin 7-10 g/dl
Tachycardia
Gastrointestinal
Jaundice
Enlarged liver/spleen
↑ facial bone size (widening medullary spaces) |
| PT normal value | 11-15 sec |
| Induction therapy | (Irradiate leukemic cells |
| location for bone aspiration or biopsy | iliac crest or sternum |
| In older people, the most
common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency is when their bodies | do not make enough acidic gastric juice to release the B12
from the food you eat. This is known as achlorhydria |
| what is Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD | complication can occur after stem cell/bone marrow transplant in which newly transplanted material attack transplant recipient body.Acute GVHD usually within 1st 3mths post transplant
Chronic GVHD usually starts more > 3mths post transplant,can b 4 life |
| CLL coughing and suctioning | Avoid suctioning if at all possible; if unavoidable, use only gentle suctioning.
Discourage vigorous coughing or blowing of the nose. |
| Causes of hemolytic anemia | Inherited
Sickle cell
Increased incidence in African American Decent
Diagnosed in infancy
Acquired
Autoimmune |
| what happens in the cardiac during anemia | Additional attempts by the heart and lungs to provide adequate O2 to the tissues
Cardiac output maintained by ↑ the heart rate and stroke volume
Complications
MI
CHF/Cardiomegaly |
| Clinical manifestations for Folic Acid deficiency are? | Clinical manifestations are similar to those of Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency
Insidious onset
Absence of neurologic problems
Treated by replacement therapy
Encourage patient to eat foods with large amounts of folic acid |
| Iron level in women | 65-165 |
| clinical manifestations of pernicious anemia | General symptoms of anemia
Gradual onset
Glossitis
Gastrointestinal
Anorexia
Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal pain |
| What cell is looked for in hodgkins? | reed-sternberg cell |
| Hct in Women | 36-46 |
| 3rd stage of hodgkins | Stage III – involves several lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm |
| A patient is diagnosed with a hypoproliferative anemia. The nurse is aware that this
type of anemia is due to: | a. Lack of production of RBC’s |
| complications of a bone marrow transplant | Infection
Neutropenia (↓ neutrophils)
Bleeding
Thrombocytopenia (↓ platelets)
Safety |
| what happens in the GI during anemia | Nutrition
Intake/Anorexic
Nausea/Vomiting |
| Most common cause of anemia is? | Bleeding |
| All'''' | Leukemic cell infiltration is more common with this leukemia |
| MCHC levels in men and women | 32-36 |
| Anemia is a deficiency in | Number of erythrocytes (red blood cells or RBC’s)
Quantity of hemoglobin
Volume of packed RBC’s (hematocrit) |
| The nurse should be aware that following a gastrectomy, a client may develop
pernicious anemia becaus | a. Vitamin B12 is only absorbed in the stomach |
| neutropenic precautions patient teaching | Oral Care
Preventing Infections
Self-care
Nutrition
Photosensitivity
Monitoring for potential problems |
| ALL is-------- | Uncontrolled proliferation of immature cells from lymphoid cells |
| Sickle shaped erythrocytes cause: | a. Cellular blockage in small vessels
b. Decreased organ perfusion
c. Tissue ischemia
d. All of the above |
| ALL is most common in;;;;; | Most common in young children
Boys |
| patient education on aspiration/bone biopsy | Skin is anesthetized a sharp brief pain is experienced during the actual aspiration from the bone
Biopsy – if aspiration is done, will use a different location A small incision is made put the needle to core out the bone May feel pressure not pain |
| what are the type B symptoms? | symptoms include fatigue, weight loss 10%, fever w/o chills, and night sweats) |
| Disorders caused by impaired synthesis of DNA are---- | Large erythrocytes
Abnormal ↑ in the number of cells (Hyperplasia)
Pancytopenia (↓leukocytes and platelets)
Increased MCV due to large erythrocytes (110um3)
Majority of deficiencies from Folic Acid and Vitamin B |
| may patients have stem cell transplant for reoccuring NHL? | YES |
| Hemolytic: excess destruction of RBCs
Due to | altered erythropoiesis, or other causes such as hypersplenism, drug-induced or autoimmune processes, mechanical heart valves |
| chemo long term errors in hodgkins | ABVD may cause infertility
Sperm abnormalities and birth defects,pregnancy prevention and sperm bank discussed.Chemo radiation increaserisk of another secondary malignancy
Breast CA in women treated before 30 Most common 2nd malignancy is lung cancer |
| aplastic anemia Acquired
Idiopathic-------- | n Damage (ionizing)
Infection (viral or bacterial)
Medication (Anti-seizure, ABX)
Pregnancy
Radiatio |
| Iron level in men | 75-175 |
| nursing goals for anemia | Decrease Fatigue
Maintain Adequate Nutrition
Increase Tissue Perfusion
Compliance with Therapeutic Regime
Absence of complications |
| what should nurse do for blood loss | Identifying the source of the hemorrhage
Stopping blood loss
Replacing blood volume to prevent shock
Correcting RBC loss |
| CLL nursing diagnosis | Risk for infection
Risk for bleeding
Risk for impaired skin integrity r/t toxic effects of chemotherapy, alteration in nutrition and impaired mobility
Impaired gas exchange
Acute pain
Grieving
Deficient knowledge |
| prevention and compliance iron teaching | Diet teaching
Supplemental iron
Discuss diagnostic studies
Iron therapy for 6-12 months after the hemoglobin levels return to normal (sometimes lifelong) |
| 1 stage of hodgkins | Stage I – involves a single lymph node or localized involvement |
| Fibrinogen normal value | 200-200 |
| CLL and Tylenol | Acetaminophen is typically given to decrease fever, but it does so by increasing diaphoresis |
| staging tests for hodgkins | Chest x-ray
Computed tomography (CT) scans of the head and neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis
Positron emission tomography (PET) of the entire body |
| A patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is receiving chemotherapy. What precautions should this patient be taking while on chemotherapy | Ensure the patient understands that there is an increased bleeding risk associated with chemotherapy due to decreased platelets.
Explain patient’s immune system is altered while receiving chemotherapy.
Patients are also vulnerable to uric acid, phosph |
| In a bone marrow transplant, you will receive | you will receive healthy stem cells after your own bone marrow has been destroyed |
| CLL and fluids | Febrile episodes, bleeding, and inadequate or overly aggressive fluid replacement can alter the patient's fluid status and persistent diarrhea, vomiting, and long-term use of certain antimicrobial agents can cause significant deficits in electrolytes |
| positioning for bone marrrow aspiration/biopsy | Side lying or prone |
| S and S of sickle cell crisis | Signs & Symptoms
Pain
Swelling
Fever
Cold/Chills |
| leukemia causes | Genetic
Viral pathogens
Radiation damage
Chemical exposure |
| in aplastic anemia, Bone Marrow is replaced with | Fat cells |
| anemia jaundice | ↑ concentration of serum bilirubin |
| medical management of sickle cell crisis | Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT)
RBC Transfusion (long-term)
Hydroxyurea (Chemotherapy Agent)
Arginin |
| Platelet normal values | 150,000-400,000 |
| RDW: Normal 11.5% to 14.5 %. RDW refl ects the size of the individual RBCs compared to one
another. A value of 15.6% means | the cells are large and defi cient in iron. This is helpful in
distinguishing anemia of chronic disease from iron defi ciency anemia. |
| acute Leukocyte development is halted causing a | rapid progression of the leukemia and death if not aggressively treated |
| Gastrointestinal
complications of AML treatment | Anorexia
Nausea/Vomiting
Mucositis |
| is there IF in vitamin b12 deficiency? | no, there is Absence of IF |
| diagnostic findings in hodgknis | Lymph node biopsy (Reed-Sternberg cell)
Staging is performed to determine the extent of the disease |
| Hgb: Normal 12 to 16 g/dl. A value of 8.3 g/dl means | the heme, or oxygen-carrying capacity
of the RBC, is low |
| AML Defects in the stem cells that differentiate into all myeloid cells: | Monocytes
Granulocytes
Erythrocytes
Platelets |
| Hct: Normal 36% to 48%. A value of 27.3% | means the mass of the RBCs is low. |
| All has the following | Menigeal involvement
Liver
Spleen
Bone marrow pain
Headache
Vomiting |
| CLL sheets and massage | Bedclothes need frequent changing as well
Gentle back and shoulder massage may provide comfort |
| Schillings Test info | 24H urine test determine if patient lacks intrinsic factor by measuring excretion of radioactive, oral Vitamin B12
RBC's large abnormal contributes rbc destruction
Normal folate levels, ↓ iron levels suggest megaloblastic anemia due to iron deficiency |
| More CLL preventions | Control mucocitis
Analgesics and Antiemetics
Small, frequent feedings of foods that are soft in texture and moderate in temperature (avoiding uncooked fruits or vegetables and those without a peelable skin) |
| facts on iron oral meds | Best absorbed on an empty stomach/acidic environment (1 hour before meals)
Do not take with antacids/ dairy products
Take with Orange Juice/with Vitamin C |
| CLL definition | Malignant B lymphocytes, most of which are mature may escape apoptosis (programmed cellular death) resulting in excessive accumulation of cells in marrow and circulation |
| hodgkins has to types???? | Type A (no symptoms)
Type B (symptoms include fatigue, weight loss 10%, fever w/o chills, and night sweats |
| chronic Leukocyte development is not halted and therefore progresses | slowly and can extend over years |
| what is hodgkins | Originates in a single node
Contains the Reed-Sternberg cell
Causes:
Unknown
Suspected viral etiology (Epstein-Barr – Herpes virus |
| CLL and water | Sponging with cool water may be useful, but cold water or ice packs should be avoided because the heat cannot dissipate from constricted blood vessel |
| AML Affects all ages with a peak at age ??? | 60 |
| what test due you use for pernicious anemia? | Schillings Test |
| PTT normal value | 60-70 sec |
| CLL and Faigue | Physical activity is necessary to prevent physical deconditioning
Wear HEPA mask
Stationary bike
Chair
Physical Therapy |
| CLL is--------- | Most common form of leukemia
More common in older adults and affects men more often |
| CLL nutrition | Nutritional supplements
Daily body weight with I and O is useful in monitoring fluid status
Both calorie counts and more formal nutritional assessments are useful.
Parenteral nutrition is often required to maintain adequate nutrition |
| Aplastic anemia definition | Damage to marrow stem cells (related to diminished availability of erythrocyte precursors |
| Reticulocytes in Men | .5-1.5 |
| clinical manifestations of NHL | Lymphadenopathy - Most common
Indolent (less aggressive) NHL– Early Stages
Asymptomatic
Aggressive NHL
“ B-Symptoms”
Fever
Night sweats
Unintentional weight loss
Bone pain
Anemia |
| Lab values for iron def. anemia? | ↓ Ferritin
↓ Hemoglobin
↓ MCV
↓ Hematocrit (Hct)
↑ TIBC |
| A patient reports symptoms of fatigue and pica. Laboratory findings reveal a low
serum iron level and a low ferritin level. Upon evaluation of this assessment and
laboratory data, the nurse suspects that the patient will be diagnosed with: | a. Iron deficient anemia |
| megoblastic anemia is caused by | Disorders caused by impaired synthesis of DNA |
| General manifestations of anemia
What is the most common finding | Pallor |
| A deficiency in iron can be detected in about | 4 months |
| Reticulocytes in Women | .5-2.5 |
| neutropenic precautions | Hygiene
Hand
Body
Oral
Private room
Care for Neutropenic patients first (if possible)
Ensure adequate cleaning of the room |
| Ferritin: Normal 18 to 160 mg/dl. Ferritin is more specifi c and sensitive than the iron level. A
low level indicates | iron defi ciency anemia |
| Folic acid deficiency lab values | HIGH mcv, NORMAL mchc, low hgb, low hct, low folate |
| hodgkins chemotherapy | Used in advanced stages or with reoccurrence of Hodgkin’s
Standard ABVD (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) regimen is used. |
| chemo side effects | Fatigue
Mylosuppression
Nausea
Hair loss
Infection |
| what should nurse prepare to administer | Administration of Blood Products
PRBC’s
Platelets
Plasma |
| neutropenic precautions | No visitors with colds
No fresh flowers
No fresh fruits or vegetables
Have patient wear HEPA filter mask when they ambulate |
| anemia pallor | Pallor
↓ hemoglobin
↓ blood flow to the skin |
| Pernicious anemia (vit B12 deficiency anemia) lab values | HIGH mcv, low serum B12(<.1), low hct, low hgb, NORMAL mchc |
| what is another name for Vit b12 deficiency? | Cobalamin |
| facts on iron liquid meds | Stain teeth
Take with a straw/Rinse after use |
| anemia puritis...itching | ↑ serum and skin bile salt concentrations |
| Your blood is made of | Red blood cells (which carry oxygen to your tissues)
White blood cells (which fight infection)
Platelets (which help your blood clot |
| AML Goal is to | achieve REMISSION |
| what is IF | intrinsic factor |
| With folate and vitamin B12 deficiency,
anemia often causes symptoms such as | fatigue, poor appetite,
weight loss, and diarrhea |
| Folic acid is required for | DNA synthesis |
| More CLL clinical manifestations | Late
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia |
| pernicious anemia is caused by? | by a B12 Deficiency
No secretion of IF |
| CLL B symptoms include | Fever
Sweats
Weight loss |
| AML supportive care | Administration of blood products
PRBC’s
Platelets |
| nutrition info for Folic Acid deficiency are? | Fortified soy milk
Folic Acid is found in green leafy vegetables |
| Most common type of anemia
Related to ↓ hemoglobin synthesis
AT Risk Groups | Pre-menopausal women
Pregnant women
Persons from low socioeconomic backgrounds
Older adults
Individuals experiencing blood loss |
| AML treatment is | aggressive chemotherapy |
| AML COMPLICATIONS | Infection (Lack of mature granulocytes)
Bleeding (Thrombocytopenia)
Purpura
Gastrointestinal
Intracranial
Pulmonary |
| what is treat for non aggressive nhl? | radiation |
| Neutrophil count <2,000 mm3
this is neutropenia, why? | Decreased production
Increased destruction
Seen with chemotherapy
Diagnosied with CBC |
| Other common causes of folate deficiency are | pregnancy, breastfeeding, alcohol abuse, and growth spurts |
| Erythrocyte (RBC) formation and maturation is altered in? | Folic Acid Deficiency |
| in aplastic anemia, T lymphocytes attack | the marrow cells |
| CLL nursing fluid actions | Assess for dehydration, fluid overload, with particular attention to pulmonary status and the development of dependent edema.test results, particularly electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, hct Replace electrolytes,particularly potassium, magnesi |
| complications of hemolytic anemia? | Heart Failure
Infection
Pneumonia
Acute Chest Syndrome
Pulmonary Hypertension
Osteomylitis (infection of the bone)
Renal Failure |
| CLL mouth care | Consider using toothettes for mouth care if platelet count is <10,000/mm3, or if gums bleed.
Lubricate lips with water-soluble lubricant every 2 hours while awake |
| fat cells in bone marrow? | and impairs the production of:
Erythrocytes
Platelets
Leukocytes |
| also in hemolytic anemia | ↑ production of erythropoietin from the kidneys to produce more erythrocytes
Erythrocytes are released prematurely as reticulocyte |
| A
severe untreated deficiency can result in serious damage to | the
nerves, spinal cord, and brain |
| Acute leukemia
Symptoms occur | suddenly |
| causes for absence of IF | Protein secreted by the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa (needs acidic environment)
GI surgery
Long-term users of H2-histamine receptor blockers |
| Elderly
Decreased marrow response suppressed from medications
Highly susceptible to anemia's | Iron Deficiency (blood Loss)
Nutritional deficiency (Vitamin B12 or Folate)
May not tolerate well if underlying cardiac or pulmonary disease is present |
| CML clinical manifestations | Asymptomatic
Increased leukocyte count
Shortness of breath
Confusion
Splenomegaly (Painful)
Hepatomegaly
Malaise
Anorexia |
| what is lymphoma? | Neoplasm of lymph origin
Start in lymph nodes but can involve lymphoid tissue in the spleen, GI tract, liver or bone marrow
Lymphocytes undergo malignant changes and produce tumors |
| CML blast crisis management | Induction therapy
Consolidation |
| neuromuscular symptoms in pernicious anemia | Weakness
Paresthesias of the feet and hands
↓ Vibratory and position senses
Ataxia
Muscle weakness
Impaired thought process |
| APTT normal value | 25-38 sec |
| Vitamin B12 deficiency develops when your body is | not able
to absorb this vitamin. |
| medical management for aplastic anemia | Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)
Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant (PBSCT)
Immunosuppressant Therapy
Supportive Therapy
Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBC’s)
Palettes |
| aplastic anemia can be genetic due to | Alterations in chromosomes |
| Ferritin: Normal levels | 18 to 160 mg/dl |
| complications of blood loss anemia | Hypovolemic Shock
↑ Plasma Volume
↓ O2 related to ↓ RBC’s |
| RBC's in Men | 4.7-6.1 |
| causes for Folic Acid Deficiency | Poor nutrition
Malabsorption syndromes
Drugs
Alcohol abuse and anorexia
Lost during hemodialysis |
| what happens nueromuscular in anemia | Activity
Tolerance
Fatigue/Weakness
Coordination
Unsteady Gait
Judgment
Irritability
Confusion |
| CLL clinical manifestations | Early
↑ Lymphocyte count (>100,000 mm3)
Small lymphocytes |
| what happens to lymphnodes in hodgkins | Painless, enlarged, firm lymph nodes are a hallmark of both types of Hodgkin’s |
| Sometimes
vitamin B12 deficiency occurs in strict vegetarians and people
who eat less | meat, eggs or milk |
| RBC's in Women | 4.2-5.4 |
| Post biopsy/aspiration care | Apply pressure to the site for several minutes
Cover with a sterile dressing
Monitor for complications which include bleeding and infection
Warm tub baths and mild analgesics may be used
Avoid ASA |
| More CLL preventions | Use only electric razor for shaving.
Pad side rails as needed.
Prevent falls by ambulating with patient as necessary |
| medical management for neutropenia | Corticosteroids
Withholding or reducing chemotherapy dosage
Hospitalization
If febrile cultures of urine, blood and sputum are obtained for adequate treatment |
| CLL manage bleeding by: | Avoid aspirin and aspirin-containing medications or other medications known to inhibit platelet function, if possible.
Do not give intramuscular injections.
Avoid indwelling catheters if at all possible.
Take no rectal temperatures; do not give supposi |
| CML medical management | Chronic Stage
Gleevevc (imatinib mesylate)
Injectable chemotherapeutic agents
Roferon A (interferon alfa) |
| The earliest symptoms of vitamin
B12 deficiency may be | weakness, poor coordination, and
numbness or a “pins and needles” feeling in the hands and
feet. Mild irritability and forgetfulness are other early signs |
| Nutritional counseling for folic acid def. related to eating with | glossitis |
| for walking watch their? | gate |
| in Hemolytic anemia | Erythrocytes have a shortened life span ↓ the number present in circulation and O2 levels (related to diminished availability of erythrocyte precursors) |
| diagnostic studies for blood loss anemia | Laboratory data do not adequately assess RBC problems for 2-3 days
Patient H&P and physical assessment |
| A physican prescribes one tablet of ferrous sulfate daily
experiences heavy menstral cycles. The nurse advises the patient and her mother that
this over the counter medication must be taken for how long for iron replenishment to
occu | c. 6-12 months |
| AML complication of treatment | Tumor Lysis Syndrome |
| NHL causes | Cause is unknown/Several potential risk factors
Spread through the bloodstream |
| MCV in Men and Women | 81-98 |
| what should a nurse do for sickle cell crisis | Monitor/Treat Complications
Infection
Acute Chest Syndrome
ABX
Incentive Spirometry
Fluid Restriction
Supportive Therapy
Pain Management
Hydration |
| Hemoglobin (Hgb) levels are used to determine the severity of anemia | Mild 10-14 g/dl
Moderate 6-10 g/dl
Severe < 6 g/dl |
| CLL manage bleeding by: | Use stool softeners, oral laxatives contraceptives
Use smallest possible needles when performing venipuncture.
Apply pressure to venipuncture sites for 5 minutes or until bleeding has stopped. |
| 3 alterations in Erythropioesis that ↓ RBC production | ↓ Hemoglobin synthesis
Defective DNA synthesis in RBC's
Diminished availability of erythrocyte precursors |
| Hct in Men | 45-54 |
| 2nd stage of hodgkins | Stage II – involves two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm |
| Hgb levels in Men | 13-18 |
| AML is | Most common nonlymphocytic leukemia |
| during a bone marrow transplant you do what as a nurse? | Monitor patient for Pain, Chills, Fever, Hives, Chest pain, Drop in blood pressure, Shortness of breath, Nausea, Flushing, Headache, and Funny taste in the mouth |
| Tumor Lysis Syndrome | ↑ Potassium
↑ Phosphate
↑ Uric acid (renal stone formation and Acute Renal Failure ARF) |
| medication for Folic Acid deficiency are? | Oral Folic Acid
Vitamin B12 injections for patients with absorption problems |
| CML Uncommon in people under | 20 under incidence increases with age (mean is 55-65 and life expectancy 2-5 years) |
| Chronic Myeloid Leukemia is... | Mutation of myeloid stem cell with uncontrolled proliferation of cells (Philadelphia chromosome)
Marrow expand into the lone bones and the liver & spleen |
| bone marrow is | is the soft, fatty tissue inside your bones. Stem cells are immature cells in the bone marrow that give rise to all of your blood cells |
| Cll early stage treatment | no treatment/ most often initiated in the later stage |
| Nursing assessment of a patient with leukemia should include observation for which
of the following signs/symptoms (select all that apply). | _X__ Fever
_X__Ecchymosis and/or petichiea
_X__Infection
_X__Dehydration
_X___Confusion
_X___Bone pain |
| AML Diagnostic Findings | Complete Blood Count (CBC)
↓ erythrocytes
↓ Platelets
Bone marrow analysis
↑ immature blast cells |
| anemia causes | Impaired production of erythrocytes (Hypoproliferative)
↑ Destruction of erythrocytes (Hemolytic)
Blood Loss (acute or chronic |
| NHL definition | Multiple lymphoid tissues become infiltrated with malignant B lymphocytes that spread unpredictably; localized disease is rare |
| A patient is diagnosed with thrombocytopenia. The nurse should explain to the patient
that with this condition, there could be: | b. Decreased production of platelets |
| MCV: Normal 82 to 98 cmm. A value of 31.6 cmm means | the RBCs are small—hence the name
microcytic anemia |
| 4th stage of hodgkins | Stage IV – involves extralymphatic tissue, such as the bone marrow |
| Skin assessment for Folic acid def. is? | Assessment of the skin and mucous membranes is important
Jaundice
Vitiligo |
| Iron deficiency anemia lab values | low mcv, low mchc, low hgb, low hct, low serum iron, HIGH tibc |
| D-dimer normal value | <400-500 |
| clinical maifestation of aplastic anemia | Fatigue
Pallor
Dyspnea
Prevalent infections
Purpura |
| hodkins radiation therapy | Preferable for early disease staging. May be used after aggressive chemotherapy for more advanced disease staging. Used for bulky disease types |
| treatment for aggressive NHL | - Both
CHOP (cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin, oncovin, and prednisone) chemo-therapy offers 40% cure rate; CHOP-R (rituximab added) chemotherapy offers 60% cure rate; or radiation/ chemotherapy combination |
| Vitamin B12 deficiency can be caused by | medications,
stomach or bowel surgery, and certain diseases |
| CLL manage bleeding by: | Permit no flossing of teeth and no commercial mouthwashes.
Use only soft-bristled toothbrush for mouth care. |
| Folate deficiency is often caused by an unbalanced diet
that does not include | enough fresh fruits and green, leafy
vegetables. |
| Fe: Normal 65 to 165 mcg/dl. An iron value of 30 mcg/dl indicates | iron defi ciency. |
| types of bone marrow transplants | Autologous
Allogeneic
Umbilical cord blood transplant |
| Chronic Leukemia
Symptoms occur over | several months to years |
| staging tests for NHL | Computed tomography (CT) scans of the head and neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis
Positron emission tomography (PET) of the entire body.
Bone Marrow Biopsy
Bence-Jones protein (urine |
| what are some nursing diagnos for anemia | Fatigue r/t decreased hemoglobin and decreased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
Altered nutrition: less than body requirements
Altered tissue perfusion r/t inadequate blood volume
Noncompliance with therapeutic regime |
| what protein can be found in the urine in NHL | Bence-Jones protein |
| Hypoproliferative: defect in production of RBCs
Due to | iron, vitamin B12, or folate deficiency, decreased erythropoietin production, cancer |
| HGB levels in Women | 12-16 |
| Blood loss and anemia | Result of sudden hemorrhage
Trauma
Complications of surgery
Disruption vascular integrity |
