| Question | Answer |
| What does the xylem transport? | Water and minerals |
| What does the phloem transport? | Sugars like sucrose and amino acids |
| Describe the position of the xylem and
phloem in the leaf | The xylem is on the top of the phloem |
| Describe the position of the xylem and
phloem in the stem | The xylem is on the inside of the stem |
| Describe the position of the xylem and
phloem in the root | The xylem is in the middle in an X shape
The phloem is on the outside of the xylem |
| Describe the pathway of water through a
plant | Root hair cell → Root cortex cells →
Xylem → Mesophyll cells |
| How are root hair cells adapted to their
function? | Long root hair extension to increase
surface area for uptake
- Thin membranes to decrease the
diffusion distance |
| Describe the process of transpiration | Water is lost through the stomata
- More water is drawn up to replace the
lost water |
| What is the transpiration stream? | The transpiration stream is the flow of
water through a plant |
| Define transpiration | The evaporation of water from the aerial parts of
a plant on the surface of the mesophyll cells
which is followed by diffusion of water vapour
through the stomata |
| Why is water lost from plants? | Plants have large air spaces in them
- Plants have stomata (pores) in the leaves
which allows water to diffuse out of the plant
- Plants have a large surface area for
evaporation to occur |
| Explain the movement of water through a
plant | Water evaporates from the leaves creating a
negative pressure in the xylem (transpiration
pull)
- Water is drawn up the xylem in a column that is
held together by cohesion |
| How does temperature affect the rate of
transpiration? | As the temperature increases, so does the transpiration
rate
- The molecules have more KE and evaporation happens
faster |
| How does light intensity affect the rate of
transpiration? | The brighter the light, the more stomata are
open and the rate of photosynthesis
increases which both decrease the amount
of water in the plant
- The rate of transpiration increases |
| How does the wind speed affect the rate
of transpiration? | The faster the wind speed, the faster
the water is moved away from the
plant, creating a steeper gradient and
increasing the transpiration rate |
| What causes wilting? | A lack of water which means the plant
cells are not turgid and so the plant is not
supported |
| Describe translocation | Translocation is the movement of sugars
and amino acids up or down the phloem
from source to sink (with the use of
energy) |
