| Special Test | Tests for... | Positive (+) Test |
| Patrick/FABER | iliopsoas spasm, SI dysfunction | thigh does not lower; posterior pain (SI) or anterior pain (iliopsoas) |
| Gaenslen's | SI joint dysfunction, L4 nerve lesion | pain in the SI region |
| Spring | SI joint mobility | pain is elicited |
| Pelvic (Iliac) Compression | integrity of SI ligaments due to sprain/irritation | pain at the SI joints |
| Anterior Pelvic Distraction (Gapping) | integrity for anterior SI ligaments | pain in the gluteals, legs, increased laxity |
| Posterior Distraction (Hibb's) | integrity of posterior SI ligaments | greater laxity on injured side |
| Sacral Fixation (Gillett's) | SI joint hypomobility, adhesions | position of the PSIS remains level |
| Femoral Nerve Traction | nerve pathology L2-L4 | pain, numbness, tingling radiating to groin and/or anterior thigh |
| Trendelenberg Sign | gluteus medius weakness | NWB hip drops away from WB hip |
| Thomas Test | tight hip flexors (iliopsoas) | involved thigh flexes off table and back does not flatten against table |
| Kendall (Rectus Femoris Contracture) | tight rectus femoris | involved knee moves into EXT |
| Ely's | tight rectus femoris | hip on involved side spontaneously FLEX |
| Ober's | ITB and TFL tightness | hip stays ABD or pelvis moves before hip is ADD |
| Nobel's | ITBS | pain at about 30 degrees from full knee EXT |
| Renne's | ITB Integrity | pain at 30-45 degrees of knee FLEX at lateral femoral condyle |
| Tripod Sign (Hamstring Contracture) | hamstring contracture | athelte will EXT trunk to relieve pain in hamstrings upon knee EXT |
| 90/90 Straight Leg Raise | hamstring contracture | knee FLEX is greater than 20 degrees to knee EXT |
| Piriformis | piriformis tightness | pain in piriformis; resultant sciatica |
| Fulcrum | femoral stress fracture | sharp pain, apprehension flet when fulcrum arm is under the potential fracture site |
| Hip Scouring (Quadrant) | arthritis, osteochondral defects, avascular necrosis, acetabular labral defects | pain, apprehension, catching, grinding, reproduction of symptoms |
| Leg Length | anatomical or funcitonal leg length discrepancies | difference in length >.25" |
| Limb Girth | atrophy/swelling of limb | difference in girth as compared bilaterally |
| Anatomical Leg Length | leg length discrepancy | difference in length >.25" as measured from medial malleolus to ASIS |
| Funcitonal Leg Length | leg length discrepancy | difference in length >.25" as measured from medial malleolus to umbilicus |
