| Question | Answer |
| What is the outer layer of the kidney that contains the functioning units called nephrons? | Kidney cortex |
| What is the inner portion of the kidney that contain the renal pyramids of equal size and shape? | Kidney medulla |
| What is between each pyramid? | Column of Bertin |
| Area where renal artery enters and renal vein/ureter exit the kidney? | Renal hilum |
| Area where ureteral openings and urethral exit on inferior portion of bladder? | Trigone Area |
| Which renal artery is longer and posterior to IVC? | Right renal artery |
| Which renal vein is longer? | Left renal vein |
| 4 functions of the kidneys | 1. Remove metabolic waste from blood
2. Produce and excrete urine
3. Maintain salt and water homeostasis
4. Regulate blood volume, acid/base volume, and electrolyte concentration |
| 4 Protective mechanisms | 1. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
2. Aldosterone Hormone
3. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
4. Erythropoietin Hormone |
| Explain Renal Perfusion | Aorta>Renal artery>Interlobar arteries> Arcuate arteries>Interlobular arteries>Afferent arterioles>Glomerulus of nephron |
| 3 processes of urine formation | 1. Glomerular filtration
2. Tubular reabsorption
3. Tubular secretion |
| What is the most common renal mass? | Simple renal cyst |
| Cyst in renal sinus that doesn't connect with collecting system? | Parapelvic cyst |
| Name 3 Congenital renal cystic diseases | 1.Infantile autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
2.Adult polycystic kidney disease
3.Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease |
| What is intratubular calcification of collecting ducts in medullary pyramids that causes stone formation, hematuria, infection? | Medullary Sponge Kidney |
| Most common solid renal tumor in children? AKA? | Wilm's tumor (nephroblastoma) |
| Most common malignant renal tumor that originates in the renal cortex? | Renal cell carcinoma |
| Most common benign renal tumor that is composed of fat, blood vessels and smooth muscle. Typically hyperechoic on US? | Angiomyolipoma/renal hamartoma |
| Infection of the kidney is known as? | Pyelonephritis |
| What is the most common medical renal disease to produce acute renal failure? | Acute tubular necrosis |
