| Question | Answer |
| appendicular skeleton | Upper limbs, Lower limbs, Shoulder girdle, Pelvic girdle |
| spine | sharp, slender, or narrow process |
| facet | (Artculation) smooth, flat, slightly concave or conves articular surface (mostly long bones) |
| Bones | Serve as a protector of organs, produce blood cells, store minerals and fat, and serve as a frame work for support and attachment for muscles, tendons and ligaments |
| Determination of Sex: Cranium | Crests and ridges more pronounced in males, Chin significantly more square in males, Mastoid process wide and robust in males, Forehead slopes more in males |
| suture | Fibrous, interlocking joint of the crainal bones |
| Canal | Tubular passage or tunnel |
| crest | narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent |
| Phalanges | Fingers (14) / toes (14) |
| Cephalic | Toward the head or superior end |
| Odontology | Study of Teeth |
| process | any bony prominence or projection |
| Metacarpals | Palm (5) |
| Antomical Position | Is a stance in which a person stands erect with the feet flat on the floor and close together, arms at the sides, and the palms and face directed forward. |
| Protuberance | Bony outgrowth or protuding part |
| trochanter | two massive processes on the femur |
| Determination of Sex by bones | Pelvis, Skull, Whole Skeleton |
| epicondyle | expanded region superior to a condyle |
| First and second Molars | eighth and nineth tooth |
| Dertmination of Sex: Pelvis | Pelvis is the best bone (differences due to adaptations to childbirth)1.females have wider subpubic angle 2. females have a sciaticnotch > 90 3. females have a broad pelvic inlet 4. females have a broad illium |
| meatus | entrance to ear canal-like passageway |
| maxillae | 2 bones fused in a median suture; form the upper jawbone & part of the orbits |
| Floating Ribs | No anterior attachment, Ribs 11 - 12 |
| groove | Long pit or furrow |
| Canine (Cuspid) | fifth tooth |
| axial skeleton | Skull, Spine, Rib Cage |
| Proximal | Closer to the point of attachment or origin |
| Lateral | Away from the median plane or middle |
| tubercle | small rounded projection or process |
| Determination of Ancestry | Skull |
| list the vertebra column | Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumber (5), Sacrum (5, fused), Coccyx (4, fused) |
| head | (Artciulation) prominent expanded end of a bone, sometimes rounded (mostly long bones) |
| Neck | between the head and shaft |
| Inferior | Below |
| Cortical Bone | Dense bone typically found on external surfaces and forms the walls of the shafts of long bones |
| Trabecular Bone | Porous, spongy bone that is typically found at the ends of long bones, and in vertebral bodies and flat ones. |
| Premolars (Bicuspid) | sixth and seventh tooth |
| name the 4 classifications of bones | long, short, flat & irregular bones |
| Superior | Above |
| True Ribs | Attach directly to the sternum, Ribs 1 - 7 |
| Distal | Farther to the point of attachment or origin |
| mandible | lower jawbone |
| tuberosity | large rounded projection; may be roughened, (rough elevated surface) |
| name the categories of bone markings | projections, or processes that grow out from the bone (serve as sites of muscle attachment or help form joints) & depressions or cavities (indentations or opening sin the bone that often serve as condults for nerves & blood cessels |
| Caudal | Toward the tail or inferior end |
| Teeth | Mineralized structures that function to masticate (chew/break down) food, and aid in speech |
| Sulcus | Long, wide groove |
| Rostral | Toward the forehead or nose (used with skulls only) |
| Tarsals | Ankle (7) |
| Morphology | Shape of bones and teeth |
| Carpals | Wrist Bones (8) |
| fossa | broad, shallow depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface |
| Anterior | Toward the ventral side (only used in humans) |
| Ventral | Toward the Front (or belly) |
| Posterior | Toward the dorsal side (only used in humans) |
| Dorsal | Toward the back or spine (used differently for feet and hands) |
| foramen | a hole through a bone, usually rounded with concave area around opening, entrances for nerves |
| Enamel | Covers external surface of the crown. No living cells and no blood supply. Hardest substance in the body. |
| Medial | Toward the median plane or middle |
| Determination of Race: Skull | Nasal index, Nasal Spine, Prognathism-extended jaw, Shape of eye orbits |
| Incisors | First four teeth |
| Torus | Bony thickening (occipital bun) |
| line | slightly raised, elongated ridge |
| Third Molar (wisdom tooth) | tenth tooth |
| False Ribs | Attach to the 7th Costal Cartilage, Ribs 8 - 10 |
| what is the purpose of bone markings | it reveals where bones form joints w. other bones, where muscles, tendons, & ligaments were attached & where blood vessels & nerves passed |
| Metatarsals | Sole (5) |
| fissure | narrrow, slit through a bone |
| Osteology | Study of Bones |
| condyle | (Articulation) rounded knob that articulates with another bone (mostly long bones) |
