4.) What was the spark (499 B.C.) that set in motion events that would lead to the first Persian war? Explain. What did Herodotus say about this event?
Darius sent a huge force across the Aegean to punish Athens for supporting an uprising in Ionia
Herodotus called the ships from Athens mischief to both sides.
28.) What was the general condition of the Greek world following the Peloponnesian War? What new threat to the Greek city-states began to rise in the northern portion of the Balkan Peninsula?
There was corruption and fighting between the city-states
Sparta was defeated by Thebes
Macedonia was ready to conquer Greece.
14.) How did Athens use the Delian league? How might the Athenians have responded to such criticism?
Athens dominated the Delian League and used it to grow an empire.
Athenians thought they were unique and favored by the gods.
6.) Identify and describe the Battle of Marathon (490 B.C.) and the legend of Pheidippides.
The Greeks were victorious against the Persians . Pheidippides was a long-distance runner that delivered the messages between Marathon, Athens and Sparta. He ran 175 miles in two days. He died after telling Athens they won the battle at Marathon.
20.) Athenians developed the basic legal principle of the right to a trial by a jury of your peers. Where else is this important legal principle echoed?
Magna Carta and the US 6th Amendment echoed the idea of a jury of peers.
7.) While the Athenians celebrated their victory at Marathon, what leader cautioned that the Persians would be back? What was his suggestion?
Themistocles warned the Athenians that the Persians would return
He suggested they build warships.
22.) Identify and describe Athenian ostracism. What is the modern meaning of this word? What were Ostraka?
Ostracism+banishment
It now means to be left out or not included in society or a group
Ostraka=pieces of pottery used to banish dangerous citizens without charges.
2.) Compare the Persian Empire to the Greek city-states, in terms of wealth and power? How did the Greek city-states respond to the Persian threat? Did this new attitude last?
Greek city-states pulled together when threatened by Persia. Athens sent ships to fight for Ionia.
Persia was much more powerful than Greece
These battles lasted on and off for 50 years
11.) Identify and describe the Battle of Salamis. According to tradition, where was Xerxes? Review the map of the Persian wars.
Salamis was a narrow strait That trapped the Persians while Athenian warships rammed, burned and sank all the Persian ships.
Xerxes was on shore watching helplessly.
17.) What was the family background of Pericles? Identify and describe direct democracy. How is this different from our democracy?
Pericles came from a rich noble family with a father that served in government and the military.
