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1.) What was the status of the Greek world around 500 B.C.? What was the wealthiest Greek city-state, at that time? How was it viewed by many other Greek city-states? Why?
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2.) Compare the Persian Empire to the Greek city-states, in terms of wealth and power? How did the Greek city-states respond to the Persian threat? Did this new attitude last?
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Chapter 5 Section 2
#9C
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1.) What was the status of the Greek world around 500 B.C.? What was the wealthiest Greek city-state, at that time? How was it viewed by many other Greek city-states? Why? | Greece was small and had hundreds of rival city-states and some Greek colonies. Athens was the healthiest Greek city Other Greeks were resentful of Athen’s wealth. |
| 2.) Compare the Persian Empire to the Greek city-states, in terms of wealth and power? How did the Greek city-states respond to the Persian threat? Did this new attitude last? | Greek city-states pulled together when threatened by Persia. Athens sent ships to fight for Ionia. Persia was much more powerful than Greece These battles lasted on and off for 50 years |
| 3.) What was the scope of the Persian Empire, at the outset of its wars with Greece? Identify and describe the Ionian city-states (such as Miletus). Generally speaking, describe what it was like to be under Persian rule? | The Persian Empire went from Asia Minor to India. Under Persian rule the Ionians governed themselves. Miletus was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia |
| 4.) What was the spark (499 B.C.) that set in motion events that would lead to the first Persian war? Explain. What did Herodotus say about this event? | Darius sent a huge force across the Aegean to punish Athens for supporting an uprising in Ionia Herodotus called the ships from Athens mischief to both sides. |
| 5.) What happened to the Ionian revolt? What was the reaction of Darius, to the Athenian role in the revolt? | The Ionians were crushed. Darius was furious with Athens for trying to help. |
| 6.) Identify and describe the Battle of Marathon (490 B.C.) and the legend of Pheidippides. | The Greeks were victorious against the Persians . Pheidippides was a long-distance runner that delivered the messages between Marathon, Athens and Sparta. He ran 175 miles in two days. He died after telling Athens they won the battle at Marathon. |
| 7.) While the Athenians celebrated their victory at Marathon, what leader cautioned that the Persians would be back? What was his suggestion? | Themistocles warned the Athenians that the Persians would return He suggested they build warships. |
| 8.) Identify and describe Xerxes. How will he try to succeed where his father failed? How had Athens prepared for this moment? | Xerxes was the son of Darius. He sent a much larger force to conquer Greece. Athens persuaded Sparta to help the vacated Athens on their warships. |
| 9.) Identify and describe the Battle of Thermopylae. Who led the Spartans in this battle? | A small group of Spartans fought at Thermopylae. They were defeated. They were led by Leonidas. |
| 10.) What was the strategy of Themistocles? What did the Persians do to Athens? | They guarded a narrow mountain pass. The Persians burned Athens. |
| 11.) Identify and describe the Battle of Salamis. According to tradition, where was Xerxes? Review the map of the Persian wars. | Salamis was a narrow strait That trapped the Persians while Athenian warships rammed, burned and sank all the Persian ships. Xerxes was on shore watching helplessly. |
| 12.) Identify and describe the Battle of Plataea and the Battle of the Eurymedon. The Battle of Plataea was the final land battle during the second Persian invasion of Greece. | The Battle of the Eurymedon was a double battle, taking place both on water and land, between the Delian League of Athens and her Allies, and the Persian Empire of Xerxes |
| 13.) What deeper meaning did many Greeks assign to their victory over the Persians? How did the Persian wars affect the status of Athens? | Greeks thought that the gods protected their superior form government Athens became more of a leader-the most powerful city-state in Greece. |
| Identify and describe the Delian League. | Delian League was an alliance with other Greek city-states to defend each other |
| Define the term alliance. | Alliance =a formal agreement between two or more powers to come to one another's defense |
| 14.) How did Athens use the Delian league? How might the Athenians have responded to such criticism? | Athens dominated the Delian League and used it to grow an empire. Athenians thought they were unique and favored by the gods. |
| How might some argue there was a disconnect between the foreign policy of Athens, during the era of the Delian League, and the pursuit of political freedom within Athens itself? | Athens forced others to be members of the League and used its money to rebuild Athens. Athenian leaders boasted of political freedom at home while it imposed its will on outsiders. |
| 15.) How does your text describe the years after the Persian Wars for Athens? What is this 460-429 B.C. period sometimes called? What is the alternate term? Why? | After the wars was a golden age for Athens. Also known as the Age of Pericles Named after Pericles the current ruler. |
| 16.) What did Athenian democracy look like, by the time of Pericles? What was his belief with respect to citizen participation in Athenian government? | The Athenian Assembly met several times a month. The Council of 500 conducted daily government business Pericles thought all male citizens should take part in government |
| Define stipend. Why did Pericles think this was important? | Stipend=pay or fixed salary for a job Pericles thought it was important for poor people to participate in government |
| 17.) What was the family background of Pericles? Identify and describe direct democracy. How is this different from our democracy? | Pericles came from a rich noble family with a father that served in government and the military. |
| What were some of the subjects of debate within the Athenian direct democracy? | They debated mostly about war. They also debated about the best form of government and how to live a good life. |
| Identify and describe direct democracy. How is this different from our democracy? | Direct democracy is when citizens take part directly in day-to-day government Our democracy is where citizens participate through elected representatives. |
| 18.) What were the key points made by Pericles, in his speech at the funeral for Athenians, who died in battle? Who made a record of this speech? | Speech=equality of citizens before the law, responsibility of citizens and service to the state. Thucydides recorded Pericles’ speech. |
| Why is this considered one of the responsibilities of a citizen in a democracy? What are some other responsibilities of citizens, in a democracy? How did Athenian juries differ from ours (don’t forget age)? | Citizens were to take an interest in public affairs.and take a direct part. Other responsibilities were joining the Council of 500 and participating in the Assembly. Athenian juries were men over 30 and could be as large as 500. |
| 19.) What is a jury? | Jury=a group of people that can make a decision in a legal case. |
| 20.) Athenians developed the basic legal principle of the right to a trial by a jury of your peers. Where else is this important legal principle echoed? | Magna Carta and the US 6th Amendment echoed the idea of a jury of peers. |
| Identify and describe other key legal principles of both Athens and Sparta, which are also fundamental concepts to our system of justice today. | Rule of Law and innocent until proven guilty. |
| 21.) Who was the patron goddess of Athens? What was she the goddess of? What is she observing in the Athenian painting, shown in your text (most likely on a plate or water jug)? | Athena was the patron goddess of Athens. Goddess of Wisdom She observes voting. |
| 22.) Identify and describe Athenian ostracism. What is the modern meaning of this word? What were Ostraka? | Ostracism+banishment It now means to be left out or not included in society or a group Ostraka=pieces of pottery used to banish dangerous citizens without charges. |
| 23.) What great task did Pericles begin, using the riches of a growing Athenian Empire? Who was the wife of Pericles? What was the cultural status of Athens, under the leadership of Pericles? What are some examples of his efforts in this area? | Pericles directed the rebuilding of the Acropolis Pericles had a lover/partner named Athens was the cultural center of Greece Public festivals, dramatic competitions, building programs, lots of jobs for artisan and workers. |
| 24.) Identify and describe the Peloponnesian League and the Peloponnesian War (431 B.C.). | The Peloponnesian League was formed by Sparta against the Delian League. |
| What was the inherent weakness of the Athenian strategic position in this war? | Athens had a geographic disadvantage. Sparta was inland and could not be attacked by sea |
| What was Pericles’ solution? What was the outcome for Pericles and for Athens? | The Peloppensian War was between Athens and the Spartans. Pericles let people from the countryside move inside city walls. Pericles and a third of the city died from plague due to overcrowding. |
| 25.) Who was the most unlikely ally of Sparta and the Peloponnesian League? What did Sparta do to Athens upon her defeat? Why did Sparta refuse to allow the destruction of Athens? | Persia and Sparta became allies. The Athenians were stripped of their fleet and empire. Sparta only wanted to strip Athens of its empire. |
| 26.) Identify and describe a Greek hoplite. What was the derivation of this word? | Hoplite=middle class warrior with armor and weapons Name came from hoplon/shield |
| 27.) What was the status of Athens, after its defeat in the Peloponnesian War? What else declined following this war? | The economy revived and it was still the cultural center of Greece. Athens lost its spirit and vitality Democratic government suffered |
| 28.) What was the general condition of the Greek world following the Peloponnesian War? What new threat to the Greek city-states began to rise in the northern portion of the Balkan Peninsula? | There was corruption and fighting between the city-states Sparta was defeated by Thebes Macedonia was ready to conquer Greece. |
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