Term | Definition |
Genitalia | reproductive organs located outside body |
Perineum | external region covering pelvic floor |
Scrotum | encloses, protects, and supports testicles |
Testicles | produce sperm within the seminiferous tubules and testosterone |
Seminiferous tubules | contained in lobule and stimulated by FSH to make sperm |
Semen | alkaline male fluid that contains sperm, ejaculate |
Epididymis | portion of seminal duct |
Penis | transports sperm to vagina, composed of erectile tissue |
Glans penis | sensitive end of penis |
Rete testis | formed by seminiferous tubules uniting to form epididymis |
Prepuce | foreskin that covers glans penis |
Vas deferens | storage site for sperm and excretory duct for ejaculate |
Seminal vesicles | make a yellow substance that nourishes sperm cells |
Ejaculatory duct | formed by union of vas deferens and seminal vesicle ducts |
Prostate gland | secretes a thick, alkaline substance that helps sperm motility by negating the acidic vagina |
Bulbourethral glands | also known as Cowpers’s glands; add alkaline secretion |
Gamete | reproductive cell; spermatozoa |
Motile | capable of spontaneous activity |
Phimosis | narrowing of opening of foreskin |
Impotence | erectile dysfunction, male cannot achieve or maintain erection |
Premature ejaculation | climax is reached to soon |
Torsion of the testis | twisting of vas deferens and blood vessels leading into testes |
Priapism | erection lasting more than 4 hours |
Benign prostatic hypertrophy | abnormal enlargement of prostate |
Prostate specific antigen | PSA test screens for prostate cancer |
Digital Rectal examination | screens for prostate enlargement |
Circumcision | surgical removal of foreskin |
Castration | surgical removal of testicle |
Ablation | removal of body part or destruction of it’s function |
TURP | transurethral resection of the prostate |
Genital herpes | herpes simplex virus type 2 with itching, burning, lesions |
Trichomonas | vaginal inflammation |
Vulva pudendum | labia, clitoris, Bartholin’s glands, vaginal opening |
Chlamydia | most common STD caused by bacterium chlamydia trachomatis |
Gonorrhea | STD caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae which causes painful urination, and has a discharge |
HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
Genital warts | caused by human papilloma virus and increases cancer risk |
Syphilis | STD caused by Treponema pallidum |
Trichomonas | caused by parasite Trichomonas vaginalis which causes vaginal inflammation |
Mons pubis | fleshy prominence over pubis |
Labia majora | vaginal lips that protect external genitalia and urethra |
Labia minors | vaginal lips that protect external genitalia and urethra |
Clitoris | erectile tissue |
Bartholin’s glands | glands on either side of vaginal opening that produce a mucus |
Perineum | area between thighs and extends from vagina to anus |
Areola | dark area that surrounds nipple |
Mammary glands | lactiferous glands that produce milk |
Lactiferous ducts | milk ducts |
Ovaries | contain follicles with eggs plus produce hormones |
Follicle | fluid filled sac with ova |
Ova | egg |
Fallopian tube | oviducts |
Infundibulum | funnel shaped opening into fallopian tube |
Uterus | womb |
Fundus | rounded part of uterus above fallopian tube opening |
Menstruation | periodic discharge of lining and egg |
Functional ovarian cyst | fluid filled sac that occurs when follicle fails to rupture, not caused by a disease |
Polycystic ovary syndrome | Stein Leventhal syndrome which is due to a hormone imbalance which causes many cysts to form |
PID | Pelvic Inflammatory disease is often a complication of STDs |
Fibroid | leiomyoma, which is a benign tumor in wall of uterus |
Uterine prolapse | uterus sags from normal position |
Cervical cancer | second most common cancer for women |
Cervical dysplasia | precancerous lesions detected on Pap smear |
Vaginal candidiasis | yeast infection from Candida albicans |
Polycystic breast disease | presence of multiple cysts in breast |
Fibroadenoma | small fibrous breast lumps |
Premature menopause | ovaries stop functioning before age 40 |
Premenstrual syndrome | bloating, edema, mood swings that occur two weeks before menstrual cycle |
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | severe physical and emotional problems associated with menstrual cycle |
Pap smear | Papanicolaou test for cervical cancer |
Tubal ligation | fallopian tube is ligated and a section removed |
Conization | cone biopsy from cervix |
D&C | dilatation and curettage to remove material from surface of uterus |
Total hysterectomy | removal of cervix and uterus |
Radical hysterectomy | panhysterectomy is the surgical removal of cervix, tubes, uterus, ovaries, and nearby lymph nodes |
Breast augmentation | mammoplasty to increase breast size |
Ovulation | release of ovum |
Corpus luteum | secretes progesterone |
Fertilization | conception |
Coitus | copulation or sexual intercourse |
Zygote | single cell formed by union of sperm and egg |
Implantation | embedding of zygote into lining of uterus |
Embryo | fro implantation through the eighth week |
Fetus | developing child from week nine until birth |
Fraternal twins | fertilization of separate ova by separate sperm |
Identical twins | fertilization of one ova by one sperm; cell divides into two separate parts |
Chorion | this outer membrane of embryo |
Placenta | organ that allows for exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste between mother and fetus |
Afterbirth | placenta |
Amniotic sac | bag of water |
Umbilical cord | connects placenta and fetus |
Cord blood | blood in umbilical cord vessels |
Gestation | 280 days for growth of fetus |
Pregnancy | gestation |
Due date | measured from first day of last menstrual period and known as EDC |
Trimester | three months |
Quickening | first movement of fetus |
Viable | when fetus is capable of living outside of the womb |
Braxton Hicks contractions | not true labor pains but intermittent contractions |
Parturition | labor or childbirth |
First stage of labor | contractions of uterus through dilatation of cervix |
Dilatation | widening of cervix |
Effacement | thinning and shortening of cervix |
Second stage of labor | delivery of infant |
Presentation | position of fetus |
Crowning | when head can be seen at vaginal orifice |
Third stage of labor | expulsion of placenta |
Puerperium | period three to six weeks after birth of child |
Involution | return of uterus to normal size |
Colostrum | fluid secreted by breasts for first few days after delivery; helps with immunity, rich in antibodies |
Lactation | milk production |
Lochia | vaginal discharge for first two weeks after childbirth |
Vernix | greasy substance that protects fetus |
Meconium | First bowel movement that is greenish in colAmniocentesisor |
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Infertility | inability to conceive |
Abortion | interruption or termination before fetus viable |
Spontaneous abortion | miscarriage |
Induced abortion | human intervention |
Ectopic pregnancy | extrauterine pregnancy |
Tubal pregnancy | pregnancy with implantation in fallopian tube |
Preeclampsia | toxemia; includes hypertension, edema, proteinuria |
Eclampsia | more serious; can include seizures and coma |
Abruption placenta | placenta separates prematurely |
Breech presentation | buttocks or feet come out first |
Placenta previa | placenta anchored in lower part of uterus |
Premature | born before 37th week of gestation |
Stillbirth | birth of a fetus that died before it was delivered |
Pregnancy test | determines the level of human chorionic gonadotropin |
Fetal ultrasound | images and evaluates fetal development |
Chorionic villus sampling | CVS checks for genetic abnormalities |
Fetal monitoring | monitors fetal pulse |
Apgar score | evaluation of newborn in areas of heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, skin color, and response to stimulation |
Cesarean section | delivery of child through an incision |
VBAC | vaginal delivery of a child after a C |
Amniotic Fluid | fluid that surrounds and protects the fetus |
Hyperemesis gravidarium | excessive vomiting during pregnancy |
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia | jaundice in newborn |
cervical os | opening of cervix |