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BVT Reprod words
words dealing with reproduction
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Genitalia | reproductive organs located outside body |
| Perineum | external region covering pelvic floor |
| Scrotum | encloses, protects, and supports testicles |
| Testicles | produce sperm within the seminiferous tubules and testosterone |
| Seminiferous tubules | contained in lobule and stimulated by FSH to make sperm |
| Semen | alkaline male fluid that contains sperm, ejaculate |
| Epididymis | portion of seminal duct |
| Penis | transports sperm to vagina, composed of erectile tissue |
| Glans penis | sensitive end of penis |
| Rete testis | formed by seminiferous tubules uniting to form epididymis |
| Prepuce | foreskin that covers glans penis |
| Vas deferens | storage site for sperm and excretory duct for ejaculate |
| Seminal vesicles | make a yellow substance that nourishes sperm cells |
| Ejaculatory duct | formed by union of vas deferens and seminal vesicle ducts |
| Prostate gland | secretes a thick, alkaline substance that helps sperm motility by negating the acidic vagina |
| Bulbourethral glands | also known as Cowpers’s glands; add alkaline secretion |
| Gamete | reproductive cell; spermatozoa |
| Motile | capable of spontaneous activity |
| Phimosis | narrowing of opening of foreskin |
| Impotence | erectile dysfunction, male cannot achieve or maintain erection |
| Premature ejaculation | climax is reached to soon |
| Torsion of the testis | twisting of vas deferens and blood vessels leading into testes |
| Priapism | erection lasting more than 4 hours |
| Benign prostatic hypertrophy | abnormal enlargement of prostate |
| Prostate specific antigen | PSA test screens for prostate cancer |
| Digital Rectal examination | screens for prostate enlargement |
| Circumcision | surgical removal of foreskin |
| Castration | surgical removal of testicle |
| Ablation | removal of body part or destruction of it’s function |
| TURP | transurethral resection of the prostate |
| Genital herpes | herpes simplex virus type 2 with itching, burning, lesions |
| Trichomonas | vaginal inflammation |
| Vulva pudendum | labia, clitoris, Bartholin’s glands, vaginal opening |
| Chlamydia | most common STD caused by bacterium chlamydia trachomatis |
| Gonorrhea | STD caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae which causes painful urination, and has a discharge |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| Genital warts | caused by human papilloma virus and increases cancer risk |
| Syphilis | STD caused by Treponema pallidum |
| Trichomonas | caused by parasite Trichomonas vaginalis which causes vaginal inflammation |
| Mons pubis | fleshy prominence over pubis |
| Labia majora | vaginal lips that protect external genitalia and urethra |
| Labia minors | vaginal lips that protect external genitalia and urethra |
| Clitoris | erectile tissue |
| Bartholin’s glands | glands on either side of vaginal opening that produce a mucus |
| Perineum | area between thighs and extends from vagina to anus |
| Areola | dark area that surrounds nipple |
| Mammary glands | lactiferous glands that produce milk |
| Lactiferous ducts | milk ducts |
| Ovaries | contain follicles with eggs plus produce hormones |
| Follicle | fluid filled sac with ova |
| Ova | egg |
| Fallopian tube | oviducts |
| Infundibulum | funnel shaped opening into fallopian tube |
| Uterus | womb |
| Fundus | rounded part of uterus above fallopian tube opening |
| Menstruation | periodic discharge of lining and egg |
| Functional ovarian cyst | fluid filled sac that occurs when follicle fails to rupture, not caused by a disease |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome | Stein Leventhal syndrome which is due to a hormone imbalance which causes many cysts to form |
| PID | Pelvic Inflammatory disease is often a complication of STDs |
| Fibroid | leiomyoma, which is a benign tumor in wall of uterus |
| Uterine prolapse | uterus sags from normal position |
| Cervical cancer | second most common cancer for women |
| Cervical dysplasia | precancerous lesions detected on Pap smear |
| Vaginal candidiasis | yeast infection from Candida albicans |
| Polycystic breast disease | presence of multiple cysts in breast |
| Fibroadenoma | small fibrous breast lumps |
| Premature menopause | ovaries stop functioning before age 40 |
| Premenstrual syndrome | bloating, edema, mood swings that occur two weeks before menstrual cycle |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | severe physical and emotional problems associated with menstrual cycle |
| Pap smear | Papanicolaou test for cervical cancer |
| Tubal ligation | fallopian tube is ligated and a section removed |
| Conization | cone biopsy from cervix |
| D&C | dilatation and curettage to remove material from surface of uterus |
| Total hysterectomy | removal of cervix and uterus |
| Radical hysterectomy | panhysterectomy is the surgical removal of cervix, tubes, uterus, ovaries, and nearby lymph nodes |
| Breast augmentation | mammoplasty to increase breast size |
| Ovulation | release of ovum |
| Corpus luteum | secretes progesterone |
| Fertilization | conception |
| Coitus | copulation or sexual intercourse |
| Zygote | single cell formed by union of sperm and egg |
| Implantation | embedding of zygote into lining of uterus |
| Embryo | fro implantation through the eighth week |
| Fetus | developing child from week nine until birth |
| Fraternal twins | fertilization of separate ova by separate sperm |
| Identical twins | fertilization of one ova by one sperm; cell divides into two separate parts |
| Chorion | this outer membrane of embryo |
| Placenta | organ that allows for exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste between mother and fetus |
| Afterbirth | placenta |
| Amniotic sac | bag of water |
| Umbilical cord | connects placenta and fetus |
| Cord blood | blood in umbilical cord vessels |
| Gestation | 280 days for growth of fetus |
| Pregnancy | gestation |
| Due date | measured from first day of last menstrual period and known as EDC |
| Trimester | three months |
| Quickening | first movement of fetus |
| Viable | when fetus is capable of living outside of the womb |
| Braxton Hicks contractions | not true labor pains but intermittent contractions |
| Parturition | labor or childbirth |
| First stage of labor | contractions of uterus through dilatation of cervix |
| Dilatation | widening of cervix |
| Effacement | thinning and shortening of cervix |
| Second stage of labor | delivery of infant |
| Presentation | position of fetus |
| Crowning | when head can be seen at vaginal orifice |
| Third stage of labor | expulsion of placenta |
| Puerperium | period three to six weeks after birth of child |
| Involution | return of uterus to normal size |
| Colostrum | fluid secreted by breasts for first few days after delivery; helps with immunity, rich in antibodies |
| Lactation | milk production |
| Lochia | vaginal discharge for first two weeks after childbirth |
| Vernix | greasy substance that protects fetus |
| Meconium | First bowel movement that is greenish in colAmniocentesisor |
| Infertility | inability to conceive |
| Abortion | interruption or termination before fetus viable |
| Spontaneous abortion | miscarriage |
| Induced abortion | human intervention |
| Ectopic pregnancy | extrauterine pregnancy |
| Tubal pregnancy | pregnancy with implantation in fallopian tube |
| Preeclampsia | toxemia; includes hypertension, edema, proteinuria |
| Eclampsia | more serious; can include seizures and coma |
| Abruption placenta | placenta separates prematurely |
| Breech presentation | buttocks or feet come out first |
| Placenta previa | placenta anchored in lower part of uterus |
| Premature | born before 37th week of gestation |
| Stillbirth | birth of a fetus that died before it was delivered |
| Pregnancy test | determines the level of human chorionic gonadotropin |
| Fetal ultrasound | images and evaluates fetal development |
| Chorionic villus sampling | CVS checks for genetic abnormalities |
| Fetal monitoring | monitors fetal pulse |
| Apgar score | evaluation of newborn in areas of heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, skin color, and response to stimulation |
| Cesarean section | delivery of child through an incision |
| VBAC | vaginal delivery of a child after a C |
| Amniotic Fluid | fluid that surrounds and protects the fetus |
| Hyperemesis gravidarium | excessive vomiting during pregnancy |
| Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia | jaundice in newborn |
| cervical os | opening of cervix |
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