Question | Answer |
Median or Sagital | Divides into Right & Left halves |
Coronal or Frontal | Divides into Front & Back |
Transverse or Horizontal | Divides Superior & Inferior |
Region: Head & Neck | Cephalic, Cranial, Cervical, Facial |
Cephalic | Cranial & Face |
Cranial | Holds the brain |
Facial | Face |
Region: Anterior Trunk | Abdominal, Pelvic, Abdominopelvic, Inguinal, Pectoral, Sternal |
Abdominal | Lowest rib & pelvis |
Pelvic | Inside pelvic bones |
Abdominopelvic | Lowest rib to bottom of pelvis |
Inginal | Groin between thighs & anterior trunk |
Pectoral | Chest |
Sternal | Between Pecs (breastbones) |
Region: Posterior Trunk | Dorsum, Lumbar, Sacral, Gluteal, Vertebral |
Dorsum | Back of thorax |
Lumbar | Low back lowest rib to pelvis |
Sacral | sacrum between butt |
Gluteal | Butt |
Vertebral | Spine |
Region: Lateral Trunk | Axillary, Coxal |
Axillary | Armpits |
Coxal | Hips |
Region: Inferior Trunk | Genital, Perineal |
Genital | Exterior reproductive organs |
Perineal | Small region between anus and genital |
Region: Upper Extremity | Antebrachial, Brachial, Antecubital, Cubital, Oleccranal, Carpal, Digital |
Antebrachial | Forearm |
Brachial | Upper Arm |
Antecubital | Anterior elbow |
Cubital | Posterior elbow |
Olecranal | Posterior surface elbow |
Carpal | Wrist |
Digital | Fingers |
Region: Lower Extremity | Crural, Digital, Femoral, Patellar, Pedal, Plantar, Popliteal, Sural |
Crural | Anterior surface of leg |
Digital | Toes |
Femoral | Thigh |
Patellar | Anterior portion of knee |
Pedal | Foot |
Plantar | Sole of foot |
Popliteal | Posterior portion of knee joint |
Sural | Calf |
Dorsal Cavity | Cranial Cavity(contains brain)
Vertebral Cavity (Contains spinal cord) |
Ventral Cavity | Thoracic Cavity (contains heart & lungs)
Abdominopelvic Cavity (contains digestive viscera, bladder, reproductive organs & rectum) |
Thoracic cavity | Superior Mediastinum
Pleural Cavity
Pericardial Cavity (mediastinum)
Diaphragm |
Abdominal Cavity | Digestive viscera |
Pelvic Cavity | Bladder, reproductive organs, rectum |
Meninges | Line the Dorsal Cavities (cranial & vertabral) |
Ventral Cavities have how many membranes? | Two. Parietal & Visceral |
Parietal Membranes | Line the walls of ventral cavities |
Visceral Membranes | line the organs. |
The space between the parietal & visceral membranes is filled with? | Serous solution (thick, sterile lubricant) |
In Thoracic Cavity, lungs are covered by membrane called? | Visceral Pleurae |
Cavity walls are lined by membrane called? | Parietal Pleurae |
Space between the Visceral & Parietal Pleurae is filled with serous fluid and is called? | Pleural Cavity |
Right & Left Thoracic cavity is divided by? | Mediastinum |
Mediastinum | heart, Trachea, Esophagus, Thymus Gland |
Pleural Effusion | Buildup of fluid between the visceral & parietal pleurae |
Two types of Pleural Effusion | Transudative - From increased pressure or low protein content in blood vessels. Common cause is Congestive Heart Failure.
Exudative - Blocked blood vessels due to inflammation, trauma, or drug reastions. |
Heart is covered tightly by? | Visceral Pericardium |
Heart is loosely covered by? | Parietal Pericardium |
The space between visceral and parietal percardium is? | Pericardium cavity which is filled with serous fluid. |
Paricarditis | Inflammation of the pericardium. Causes - idiopathic, infection or post surgical. |
Three layers of meninges around brain and spinal cord. | Dura Layer - Outer most layer, tough fibrous tissue
Arachnoid Layer - Spider web apprearance. Sub arachnoid space where cerebrospinal fluid is.
Pia matter - Attached to brain. Thin fragile. |
Epidural Anesthesia | Catheter placed in Eidural space.
Drugs are continually pumped into block pain. |
Subdural Hematoma | Blood gathers between the dura matter and the arachnoid space.
Bleeding from veins.
Increase in intracranial pressure.
Damage to brain. |
Serous membranes of the abdominal cavity are called? | Peritoneum |
Parietal Peritoneum | lines the walls of the abdominal cavity. Does not line the Pelvic region. Kidneys are retroperitoneal. |
Visceral Peritoneum | Covers the abdominal organs. This peritoneum folds up on itself to form a double layer of visceral peritoneum. |
Messenteries | Double layer of visceral peritoneum. Provides support for the organs, connects intestine to posterior wall of the cavity |
Omentum Peritoneum | The largest fold. Hangs over the intestines and protects the abdominal organs. |
Peritonitis | Infection of the pritoneum. Common cause is perforation of the gastro intestinal tract. |
Metabolism | All the chemical reactions necessary for life |
Anabolism | Build |
Catabolism | Break down |
source of energy & raw materials to build with | food |
environment for chemical reactions | water |
needed to convert nutrients into energy | oxygen |
necessary for chemical reactions | body temperature |
allow for breathing | atmospheric pressure |
Homeostasis | the process of maintaining balance |
The smallest unit of an element | Atom |
2 or more atoms chemically combined. Smallest unit of a compound | Molecules |
The primary structural & functional unit of the body | Cells |
Group of smaller cells performing a similar function | Tissues |
A structure formed of 2 or more tissues that performs specific functions | Organs |
A group of organs that work in a coordinated fashion to carry out specific functions | Organ system |
Highest organizational level | Organism |
three parts of a Atom | Electrons
Protons
Neutrons |
Electrons | outer shells (valance)
negative charge |
Protons | Inside nucleus
Positive charge |
Neutrons | Inside nucleus
No charge |
Most stable (least reactive) of the gases because it has the right number of electrons in its valance | Noble gases |
What has two electrons only? | Helium |
A radioactive, colorless, tasteless & odorless gas. One of the heaviest & most dense elements that can be a gas. Product of decay of Uranuim | Radon |
The number of Protons & Electrons are the same. | Isotopes |
Radioisotope | some isotopes are not happy so they release radiation as they breakdown to a more stable & happy nucleus |
three molecular bonds? | covalent
Ionic
Hydrogen |
Covalent bond | Strongest bond, sharing of electrons in outer shells |
Ionic bond | One atom give an electron. The other receives the electron, creating two atoms with opposite charges (opposites attract) |
Hydrogen Bond | Hydrogen covalent bond with Oxygen or Nitrogen leaves the Hydrogen atom slightly positive. |
molecular formula | simple way to write the molecule |
60% of human body is made up of what? | water |
Universal Solvent | This means simply many substances dissolve in it easily.
- Fluid inside the cell 65% water
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) - Fluid not inside the cells 35%
Interstitial Fluid - Water in tiny spaces between cells
Plasma - Fluid part of blood |
Intracellular Fluid (ICF) | Fluid inside the cell is 65% |
Extracellular Fluid (ECF) | Fluid not inside the cell is 35% |
Interstitial Fluid | Water in tiny spaces between cells |
Plasma | Fluid part of blood. |