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Human Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Median or Sagital | Divides into Right & Left halves |
| Coronal or Frontal | Divides into Front & Back |
| Transverse or Horizontal | Divides Superior & Inferior |
| Region: Head & Neck | Cephalic, Cranial, Cervical, Facial |
| Cephalic | Cranial & Face |
| Cranial | Holds the brain |
| Facial | Face |
| Region: Anterior Trunk | Abdominal, Pelvic, Abdominopelvic, Inguinal, Pectoral, Sternal |
| Abdominal | Lowest rib & pelvis |
| Pelvic | Inside pelvic bones |
| Abdominopelvic | Lowest rib to bottom of pelvis |
| Inginal | Groin between thighs & anterior trunk |
| Pectoral | Chest |
| Sternal | Between Pecs (breastbones) |
| Region: Posterior Trunk | Dorsum, Lumbar, Sacral, Gluteal, Vertebral |
| Dorsum | Back of thorax |
| Lumbar | Low back lowest rib to pelvis |
| Sacral | sacrum between butt |
| Gluteal | Butt |
| Vertebral | Spine |
| Region: Lateral Trunk | Axillary, Coxal |
| Axillary | Armpits |
| Coxal | Hips |
| Region: Inferior Trunk | Genital, Perineal |
| Genital | Exterior reproductive organs |
| Perineal | Small region between anus and genital |
| Region: Upper Extremity | Antebrachial, Brachial, Antecubital, Cubital, Oleccranal, Carpal, Digital |
| Antebrachial | Forearm |
| Brachial | Upper Arm |
| Antecubital | Anterior elbow |
| Cubital | Posterior elbow |
| Olecranal | Posterior surface elbow |
| Carpal | Wrist |
| Digital | Fingers |
| Region: Lower Extremity | Crural, Digital, Femoral, Patellar, Pedal, Plantar, Popliteal, Sural |
| Crural | Anterior surface of leg |
| Digital | Toes |
| Femoral | Thigh |
| Patellar | Anterior portion of knee |
| Pedal | Foot |
| Plantar | Sole of foot |
| Popliteal | Posterior portion of knee joint |
| Sural | Calf |
| Dorsal Cavity | Cranial Cavity(contains brain) Vertebral Cavity (Contains spinal cord) |
| Ventral Cavity | Thoracic Cavity (contains heart & lungs) Abdominopelvic Cavity (contains digestive viscera, bladder, reproductive organs & rectum) |
| Thoracic cavity | Superior Mediastinum Pleural Cavity Pericardial Cavity (mediastinum) Diaphragm |
| Abdominal Cavity | Digestive viscera |
| Pelvic Cavity | Bladder, reproductive organs, rectum |
| Meninges | Line the Dorsal Cavities (cranial & vertabral) |
| Ventral Cavities have how many membranes? | Two. Parietal & Visceral |
| Parietal Membranes | Line the walls of ventral cavities |
| Visceral Membranes | line the organs. |
| The space between the parietal & visceral membranes is filled with? | Serous solution (thick, sterile lubricant) |
| In Thoracic Cavity, lungs are covered by membrane called? | Visceral Pleurae |
| Cavity walls are lined by membrane called? | Parietal Pleurae |
| Space between the Visceral & Parietal Pleurae is filled with serous fluid and is called? | Pleural Cavity |
| Right & Left Thoracic cavity is divided by? | Mediastinum |
| Mediastinum | heart, Trachea, Esophagus, Thymus Gland |
| Pleural Effusion | Buildup of fluid between the visceral & parietal pleurae |
| Two types of Pleural Effusion | Transudative - From increased pressure or low protein content in blood vessels. Common cause is Congestive Heart Failure. Exudative - Blocked blood vessels due to inflammation, trauma, or drug reastions. |
| Heart is covered tightly by? | Visceral Pericardium |
| Heart is loosely covered by? | Parietal Pericardium |
| The space between visceral and parietal percardium is? | Pericardium cavity which is filled with serous fluid. |
| Paricarditis | Inflammation of the pericardium. Causes - idiopathic, infection or post surgical. |
| Three layers of meninges around brain and spinal cord. | Dura Layer - Outer most layer, tough fibrous tissue Arachnoid Layer - Spider web apprearance. Sub arachnoid space where cerebrospinal fluid is. Pia matter - Attached to brain. Thin fragile. |
| Epidural Anesthesia | Catheter placed in Eidural space. Drugs are continually pumped into block pain. |
| Subdural Hematoma | Blood gathers between the dura matter and the arachnoid space. Bleeding from veins. Increase in intracranial pressure. Damage to brain. |
| Serous membranes of the abdominal cavity are called? | Peritoneum |
| Parietal Peritoneum | lines the walls of the abdominal cavity. Does not line the Pelvic region. Kidneys are retroperitoneal. |
| Visceral Peritoneum | Covers the abdominal organs. This peritoneum folds up on itself to form a double layer of visceral peritoneum. |
| Messenteries | Double layer of visceral peritoneum. Provides support for the organs, connects intestine to posterior wall of the cavity |
| Omentum Peritoneum | The largest fold. Hangs over the intestines and protects the abdominal organs. |
| Peritonitis | Infection of the pritoneum. Common cause is perforation of the gastro intestinal tract. |
| Metabolism | All the chemical reactions necessary for life |
| Anabolism | Build |
| Catabolism | Break down |
| source of energy & raw materials to build with | food |
| environment for chemical reactions | water |
| needed to convert nutrients into energy | oxygen |
| necessary for chemical reactions | body temperature |
| allow for breathing | atmospheric pressure |
| Homeostasis | the process of maintaining balance |
| The smallest unit of an element | Atom |
| 2 or more atoms chemically combined. Smallest unit of a compound | Molecules |
| The primary structural & functional unit of the body | Cells |
| Group of smaller cells performing a similar function | Tissues |
| A structure formed of 2 or more tissues that performs specific functions | Organs |
| A group of organs that work in a coordinated fashion to carry out specific functions | Organ system |
| Highest organizational level | Organism |
| three parts of a Atom | Electrons Protons Neutrons |
| Electrons | outer shells (valance) negative charge |
| Protons | Inside nucleus Positive charge |
| Neutrons | Inside nucleus No charge |
| Most stable (least reactive) of the gases because it has the right number of electrons in its valance | Noble gases |
| What has two electrons only? | Helium |
| A radioactive, colorless, tasteless & odorless gas. One of the heaviest & most dense elements that can be a gas. Product of decay of Uranuim | Radon |
| The number of Protons & Electrons are the same. | Isotopes |
| Radioisotope | some isotopes are not happy so they release radiation as they breakdown to a more stable & happy nucleus |
| three molecular bonds? | covalent Ionic Hydrogen |
| Covalent bond | Strongest bond, sharing of electrons in outer shells |
| Ionic bond | One atom give an electron. The other receives the electron, creating two atoms with opposite charges (opposites attract) |
| Hydrogen Bond | Hydrogen covalent bond with Oxygen or Nitrogen leaves the Hydrogen atom slightly positive. |
| molecular formula | simple way to write the molecule |
| 60% of human body is made up of what? | water |
| Universal Solvent | This means simply many substances dissolve in it easily. - Fluid inside the cell 65% water Extracellular Fluid (ECF) - Fluid not inside the cells 35% Interstitial Fluid - Water in tiny spaces between cells Plasma - Fluid part of blood |
| Intracellular Fluid (ICF) | Fluid inside the cell is 65% |
| Extracellular Fluid (ECF) | Fluid not inside the cell is 35% |
| Interstitial Fluid | Water in tiny spaces between cells |
| Plasma | Fluid part of blood. |
Created by:
umeunhae
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