Question | Answer |
What is a normal respiratory rate for a newborn baby? | 30-60 breaths/minute |
What is the definition of "apnoea"? | cessation of breathing for more than 20 seconds |
What could pallor in the neonate be a caused by? | Shock
fetal-maternal transfusion
Internal bleeding (gastrointestinal, subaponeuric haemorrhage)
Rh and ABO incompatibility
Placental abruption or bleeding during pregnancy |
What is the normal heart rate for a newborn baby at rest? | 120-150bpm |
What is the normal heart rate for a newborn baby who is crying, active or distressed? | 160-190bpm |
What is the normal temperature for a newborn baby? | 36.8-37.2*C |
What is opisthotonos? | extreme hyperextension |
What could opisthotonos be caused by? | Meningitis |
What is the name given to an extra amount of fingers or toes? | polydactyly |
What is the name given to webbing of the fingers or toes? | Syndactyly |
What could cause asymmetrical movements in the neonate? | Broken bone(s)
Erbs Palsy
Klumpke's palsy
Total brachial plexus palsy |
What could cause a loss of elasticity in the skin of the neonate? | Dehydration |
What are some signs that the umbilicus may be infected? | Red skin around the umbilicaus,
Swollen,
draining pus,
foul smelling. |
What is the name for a burst blood vessel between the conjuctiva and the sclera in the eye? | subconjunctival haemorrhage |
How long will it take for a subconjunctival haemorrhage to disappear? | Should disappear within 1-2 weeks |
What is the name for increased cerebrospinal fluid collection on the brain which causes increased head circumference, increased ventricle size and increased intracranial pressure? | Hydrocephalus |
What would cause a sunken fontanelle? | Dehydration |
What could cause a bulging fontanelle? | Infection, subdural hematoma, hydrocephalus etc |
What might be a reason for profuse nasal discharge in the neonate? | Syphilis |
What could cause a dry tongue and mucous membranes in the newborn? | Dehydration |
What is the name given to the congenital defect which includes the abdominal contents protruding freely through the abdominal wall on one side of the umbilicus | Gastroschisis |
What is the name given to the defect which results in the abdominal contents escaping through umbilical ring but is still contained in a membrane of peritoneum and amnion? | Exomphalos (omphalocele) |
Is gastroschisis or exomphalos associated with genetic abnormalities? | Exomphalos |
What is the name given to the congenital abnormality which causes an incomplete clusure of the embryonic neural tube which allows the spinal cord to protrude through the vertebrae? | Spina bifida (myelomeningocele) |
What is the name given to the spina bifida defect which results in a split in the vertebrae which is small enough that the spinal cord does not protrude through? | Spina bifida occulta |
Why may you be concerned that a newborn has not passed meconium within 24 hours of birth? | Intestinal obstruction
Cystic fibrosis
Anorectal malformations |