| Question | Answer |
| Referred pain from a UTI | Back & abdomen |
| Referred pain from a kidney infection | Flanks |
| Referred pain, cholecystitis | Right shoulder/scapula |
| Referred pain, Aortic Aneurysm | Back |
| Referred pain, Appendicitis | Umbilical region |
| Signs & Symptoms of a GI Bleed | -Bloody Stool
-ABD tenderness
-Decreased BP, increased HR |
| Red stool | Lower GI bleed |
| Black, tarry stool | Upper GI bleed |
| Clay- or tan-colored stool | Signals liver problems, cirrhosis, jaundice. |
| Ileus | Partial or complete blockage of a portion of the intestines resulting in decreased or ceased peristalsis, often associated with decreased intestinal blood supply and bowel necrosis.
Excruciatingly painful.
SURGICAL EMERGENCY. |
| Bowel perforation can lead to: | -Peritonitis from leakage of bowel contents.
-Organ failure.
-Septic shock |
| Ascites | Presence of fluid, primarily albumin, in the abdominal cavity. Often associated with liver diseases. |
| Paracentesis | Drainage of ascites.
Can lead to intravascular depletion and hypovolemic crash. |
| Common causes of constipation | -medications
-lack of exercise
-lack of dietary fiber
-decreased ABD muscle tone
-cancer
-dehydration
-intestinal obstruction |
| Liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys | Solid Viscera |
| Urinary bladder, abdominal aorta, large intestine, small intestine, stomach, gallbladder | Hollow Viscera |
| Common Abdominal findings in pregnant women | -GERD
-Constipation
-Diminished bowel sounds
-Presence of linea nigra and striae |
