Question | Answer |
what kind of disease is multiple sclerosis? | An autoimmune disorder. |
What does MS affect? | the myelin sheath in CNS. Oligodendorcytes being attacked by immune system causes inflammation. this close nodes of ranvier so impulses can't jump. |
What is the etiology of MS? | Idiopathic. More common in females in their 20's and 30's. Mostly affects those that live in upper northern climate. |
What ate the s/s of MS? | Depends on what neuron is being affected. Motor neurons- weak and paralysis. Sensory neurons- affect the senses like the optic nerve results in blindness. Or certain neurons that affect memory and behavior. can be any combination of the three. |
What happens to MS s/s when inflammation goes away? | s/s goes away too. |
What is the diagnosis for MS | Scarring of the brain shows up on a CT or MRI. |
Treatment for MS? | Steriods, anti-inflammatories during flare ups. |
what is the prognosis for MS? | Unpredictable. Depends on what types of MS. |
What does the basal ganglia do for our bodies? | Affects the motor cortex pass through basal ganglia to stimulate muscles. Basal ganglia has dopamine which the impulse pick up as the pass through. Dopamine stops some of these impulses. |
Whats wrong with the basal ganglia with people with parkinson's disease? | Dopaminergic nerves in basal ganglia are damaged and don't stop some of the impulses and they all get through to stimulate and increase muscle tone. |
What is the etiology of Parkinson's? | Idiopathic, in females more than males and starts after age 50. |
What are the S/s of parkinson's? | Due to increased muscle tone. Tremor (opposing muscles fighting each other), Reflexion (head to toe, hunched over, reflexors have upper hand on flexors b/c of how attached), blank look on face. |
What is the diagnosis of parkinson's? | Physical exam, a check list and its positive when you reach a certain score. |
Treament for parkinson's? | Dopaminergic drugs- raise amount of dopamine in basal ganglia. Sinemet (leuodopa-make, carbidopa-break down slower). to much of these causes schizophrenia. Anticholinergics-decrease muscle activity but to much causes paralysis and GI stops. |
Prognosis for parkinson's? | Fatal when affects breathing and swallowing but its so gradual that people live long lives. |
What is Alzheimer's disease? | Amyloid plaques (protein) forms through out brain. Tau tangles (protein found in neurons) destroys neurons and cells collapse. |
what does alzheimer's lead to? | Cerebral cortex then goes on to affect it all. Leads to dementia. |
what is the etiology? | Idiopathic increases with age. |
What is the pathogensis and s/s of the early stage? | Family members can provide care and patients can still have independence. Affects recent memory and can't remember the little things. Emotional changes such as depression, frusration, and anger. |
What is the pathogensis and s/s of the early stage? | Losing long term memory. 24/7 care is needed. Forget who, where, when and what.Can't perform basic functions like personal care (going to the bathroom, bladder and bowel control). |
What is the diagnosis for Alzhiemer's? | S/s, imaging to rule out other things that lead to dementia. |
What is the treatments for early stage? | simplify life - simple meals they can make, meds in daily containers, care giver brings meds at right times so they actually take them. |
What are the drugs used for alzhiemer's? | Aricept drug- increases acetylcholine in brain. Namenda- memory. Need nursing care 24/7. |
What is the prognosis of alzhiemer's? | Fatal as it gets worse it affects breathing and swallowing. |