Question | Answer |
Joints: Functions (2) | Hold bones together, Provide skeleton with mobility. |
Joints: Functions Classification (3) | Synarthroses, Amphiarthroses, Diarthroses. |
Synarthroses | Immovable. |
Amphiarthroses | Slightly movable. |
Diarthroses | Freely movable. |
Joints: Structure Classification (3) | Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial. |
Fibrous | Sutures, Syndesmoses, Gomphosis, Synostosis. |
Sutures | Skull. |
Syndesmoses | End of tibia/fibula. |
Gomphosis | Teeth. |
Synostosis | Ossification of bone. |
Cartilaginous | Symphysis, Synchondrosis. |
Symphysis | Pubic symphysis, Spinal disks, Ribs. |
Sybchondrosis | Immobile; 1st rib, Sternum. |
Synovial | Bone ends covered with cartilage and enclosed within a capsule lined by membrane. Shoulder, hip wrist. |
Synovial Joints (6) | Plane, Hinge, Pivot, Condyloid, Saddle, Ball and Socket. |
Plane | Nonaxial; Carpals. |
Hinge | Uniaxial: Elbow, Ankle, Phalanges of Fingers, Knee. |
Pivot | Uniaxial; Radius and Ulna, Atlas and Axis. |
Condyloid | Biaxial; Metacarpals and Phalanges (Knuckles). |
Saddle | Biaxial; Thumbs. |
Ball and Socket | Multiaxial; Femur and Pelvis (Hip). |
Herniated Disc | Disc between vertebrae gets displaced and presses upon spinal chord. |
Spinal Curvatures (3) | Scoliosis, Kyphois, Lordosis. |
Scoliosis | Sideways curve. |
Kyphosis | "Hunchback". |
Lordosis | Lumbar curves in "bubble butt". |
Dislocation | Bone forced out of normal location. |
Bursitis | Inflammation of the bursae membrane. |
Sprain | Ligaments and tendons stretched or torn. |
Osteoporosis | Where bones thin out (lose calcium) and become very fragile and form painful bony spurs. |
Arthritis | Pain, stiffness, swelling of joints. |
Arthritis Types (3) | Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid, Gout. |
Osteoarthritis | Cartilage softens and wears down. |
Rheumatoid | Autoimmune disorder where body's immune system attempts to destroy its own tissues. |
Gout | Where uric acid accumulates and deposits sharp crystals in the soft tissues of joints. |
Uric Acid | Waste product of metabolism. |
Hyperuricemia | Gout. |