| Question | Answer |
| continuous glucose monitoring system
CGMS | device worn 72hrs. monitors glucose. data analyzed for glucose patterns to tailor treatment |
| continuous subq insulin infusion /
insulin pump | device worn, delivers basal insulin.
Pt can bolus before eating
attempt mimic normal pancreatic fxn |
| diabetic mellitus | group of metabolic diseases characterized by HYPERglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, action, or both |
| diabetic ketoacidosis
DKA | metabolic derangement in type1, results from insulin deficiency. Acidic ketone bodies formed, resulting in acidosis. Requires hospitalization. Caused by non-adherence, illness, or infection |
| fasting plasma glucose
FPG | blood glucose obtained after at least 8hr fast |
| gestational diabetes mellitus
GDM | any degree of glucose intolerance with its onset during pregnancy |
| glycated hemoglobin
glycosylated hemoblobin
Hgb A OR A1C | long term measure of glucose control that is a result of glucose attaching to hemoglobin for the life of the red blood cell (120days) |
| Goal of diabetes therapy | normal to near normal level of glycated hemoglobin, the same as in the non-diabetic pt |
| hyperglycemia | elevated blood glucose level
fasting >110 mg/dL
2hr postprandial >140mg/dL |
| hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic sysdrome
HHNS | metabolic disorder of DM2 resulting from insulin deficiency and demand for insulin; assoc. w/ polyuria & severe dehydration |
| postprandial | following a meal |
| hypoglycemia | low blood glucose level
<60mg/dL |
| impaired fasting glucose (IFG)
impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)
(risk factors for diabetes & CVD) | metabolic stage intermediate between normal glucose homeostasis and biabetes; now referred to as PREDIABETES |
| insulin | hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas that is necessary for the metabolism of carbs, proteins, and fats; insulind deficiency results in DM |
| islet cell transplantation | investigational procedure, purified cadaver islet cells injected into the liver portal vein; hopes to secrete insulin and cure type1 diabeted |
| ketone | highly acidic substance formed when liver breaks down free fatty acids in absence of insulin; (byproduct of fat breakdown) resulting in diabetic ketoacidosis |
| medical nutrition therapy
MNT | nutritional therapy prescribed for mgt of diabetes |
| nephropathy | lont term complication of diabetes. kidney cells damaged. early stages microalbuminuria, progressing to end stage renal disease |
| neuropathy | long term complication of diabetes resulting from damage to nerve cell |
| prediabetes | impaired glucose metabolism. betweeen normal and diabetic.
included IFG / IGT
(risk factors for DM & CVD) |
| retinopathy | long term complication of diabetes. ocular microvascular system damaged |
| self monitoring blood glucose
SMBG | method of capillary blood glucose testing / finger stick |
| sulfonylurea | classification of oral antibiabetic med for type II DM. stimulates insulin secretion & action |
| thiazolidinedione | class of oral antidiabetic med reduces insulin resistance enhances insulin action w/out directly stimulating insulin secretion |
| type 1(I) DM
(insulin dependent DM)
(juvenile DM) | ABSENCE of insulin production/secretion from autoimmune destruction of beta cells of islets of langerhans in pancreas |
| type 2(II) DM
(non-insulin dependent DM)
(adult onset DM) | deficiency of insulin production decreased insulin action and increased insulin resistance |
| glycosuria | glucose in urine |
| metabolic syndrome
'prediabetes'
'syndrome x' | to overcome insulin resistance & prevent glucose buildup increased amounts of insulin secreted to maintain normal level |
| insulinemia | excessive insulin production |
