Question | Answer |
rupture of this artery --> epidural bleed | middle meningeal artery |
CSF - how much made each day, how much ciruclating in brain at any time | 600 mL produced by chorioid plexus of pia mater. 130 mL circulating before resorbed into arachnoid villia |
CSF pressure, properties | 12mmHg, similar to plasma with lower protein count. No RBCs, 0-5 WBCs. protects, lubricates |
lumbar puncture taken from where | between 3-4th lumbar vertebrae subarachnoid space, ventriculostomy of 3rd or lateral ventrical |
What % of CO goes to brain, what molecule regulates vasodilation | 20%. C02 is regulator/vasodilator. If cerebral C02 increased-->vasodil to get more blood to brain. Decreased C02 --> vasoCon |
Cerebral circulation - does blood move forward and backwards? | no, circulation ALWAYS moves forward |
Which cerebral arter is site of major strokes | middle cerebral artery |
path of cerbral circulation | internal carotids --> anterior & middle cerebral arteries -->vertebral arteries fuse into basilar artery --> branches to posterior cerebral artery. Both internal caratoids also interconnected with anterior/posterior communicating arteries |
Circle of Willis | provides back-up circulation by providing interconnections between internal carotid arteries and basilar artery |
Where does cerebral blood drain | into venous plexuses, dural sinuses then to juglars |
Most veins in brain located where | located OUTSIDE of skull-->external jugular |
Venous sinuses located where | located INSIDE skull--> internal jugular |
occlusion of anterior cerebral artery impacts what region of brain | frontal, parietal lobes (basal ganglia, corpous callosum) |
condition caused by occlusion of anterior cerebral artery | hemiplegia on contralateral side |
occlusion of middle cerbral artery is sign of major strokes and affects these regions | frontal, parietal and temporal lobes |
conditions caused by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery | aphasia in dominant hemisphere, contralateral hemiplegia |
occlusion of posterior cerebral artery impacts what regions | diencephalon, temporal and occipital lobes |
conditions caused by occlusion of posterior cerebral artery | visual & sensory loss, contralateral hemiplegia if cerebral peduncles |
how do we measure cerebral blood flow | MAP between 50-150 mmHg. if below 50, we have diminished flow. Above 150 indicates hyperemic increased blood flow, risk of bleed |
What can cause increased ICP | tumor, head injury, increased CSF or blood |
BBB formed by | astrocytes and junctions between endothelial cells of capillaries |
What transport mechanism used to transport across BBB | active pumps used |
Clinical procedures for drug admin across BBB | ventriculostomy, intrathecal, lumbar pump |
in terms of energy mobilization, symp and psym--> | sympathetic mobilizes energy, parasympathetic conserves energy |