Question | Answer |
Leg Muscles (anterior) | Quadriceps
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Adductor group
Tibialis anterior |
The Motor Unit | 1 motor unit = junction between 1 neuron + many muscle fibres |
Leg muscles (posterior) | Gluteus maximus
Hamstrings
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Gastrocnemius
Soleus |
Muscle Tissue - Three Types | Skeletal / Striated / Voluntary
Smooth / Non-striated / Involuntary
Cardiac / Striated / Involuntary |
Skeletal Muscle Organisation | Muscles are organised as follows, from macrostructure to microstructure:
Muscle
Fascicle
Muscle Fibre
Myofibril
Myofilament
Sarcomere |
Myofibrils | Rodlike contractile element.
Occupy most of the muscle cell volume
Appear banded -
A bands - dark, I bands - light
Composed of sarcomeres - arranged end to end |
Functions of Muscle Tissue Movement | of a particular limb (external movement) of materials inside the body
Posture to keep us upright
Stabilisation to stabilise joints
Heat Production70% of energy used by muscles is transferred into heat (released by breakdown of ATP) |
Movement (voluntary) | Nearly all movements of the human body are a result of muscle contraction
Mobility of body as a whole reflects activity of skeletal muscles, responsible for all locomotion (walking for example) and manipulation |
Movement (involuntary) | Smooth muscle of blood vessel walls and cardiac muscle of the heart - which work together to circulate blood and maintain blood pressure and the smooth muscle of other hollow organs, which forces fluids and other substances through internal body channels |
Posture | Yet, they function almost continuously, making one tiny adjustment after another so that we can maintain an erect or seated posture despite the never-ending downward pull of gravity |
Stabilisation | As the skeletal muscles pull on bones to cause movements, they also stabilise the joints of the skeleton |
Heat Production | Since skeletal muscle accounts for at least 40 percent of body mass, it is the muscle type most responsible for heat generation |
Characteristics of Muscle Tissue | Excitability- ability to respond to a stimulus
Contractibility- muscle can become shorter and thicker
Extensibility- able to stretch
Elasticity- ability to return to original shape and size |
Cardiac Muscle Tissue | Striated -but muscle fibres are branching and fit together like clasped fingers (allows cardiac muscle to act as a unit)
Not under conscious control - self exciting
Can beat by itself, but CNS can accelerate and decelerate heart-rate |
Myofilaments | Thread like structures - make up myofibrils
2 proteins arranged as Thin or Thick filaments
These 2 slide past each other - create contraction
Arrangement of myofilaments in myofibrils, produces banding pattern in skeletal muscle |
Sarcomere | contractile unit
composed of myofilaments
filaments made up of contractile proteins |
Posterior Muscles | Trapezius
Deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Rhomboids
Triceps brachii |
Anterior Muscles | Sternocleidomastoid
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Biceps brachi
Rectus abdominis
External oblique |