Question | Answer |
What are the 2 simple carbohydrates? | Monosaccharides, Disaccharides |
What are complex carbohydrates also known as? | Polysaccharides |
What are the 3 complex carbohydrates (or polysaccharides)? | glycogen, starches, fiber |
What are the 3 monosaccharides? | glucose, fructose, galactose |
What monosaccharide is commonly known as blood sugar? | glucose |
What monosaccharide is an essential energy source for the body? | glucose |
What monosaccharide is the sweetest of all sugars? | fructose |
What monosaccharide occurs in fruits and honey? | fructose |
What monosaccharide rarely occurs as a single sugar? | galactose |
Glucose, fructose and galactose all have what molecular formula? | C6H12O6 |
______ is the linking of two monosaccharides together which creates h2o. | condensation |
______ is the splitting of molecules using water. | hydrolysis |
glucose + glucose = _________ | maltose |
glucose + fructose = __________ | sucrose |
glucose + galactose = __________ | lactose |
What are 3 disaccharides? | maltose, sucrose, lactose |
What disaccharide is a minor constituent of barley? | maltose |
What disaccharide gives natural sweetness to fruits, veggies and grains and is commonly known as table sugar? | sucrose |
What disaccharide is milk sugar? | lactose |
What is the storage form of glucose in the body? | glycogen |
What is the storage form of glucose in plants? | starches |
What is the structural parts of plants found in veggies, fruits, grains, legumes? | fiber |
In what type of complex carbohydrates can bonds not be broken and is not digestible by human enzymes? | fibers |
Whole legumes, raw potatoes, and unripe bananas have fibers known as what? | resistant starches |
Glycogen is made and stored in the ______ and ______. | liver, muscles |
______ fibers dissolve in water. | soluble |
______ fibers are viscous (form gels). | soluble |
______ fibers are fermentable (digested by bacteria in the colon) | soluble |
_______ fibers are found in legumes and fruits and lower cholesterol and blood glucose. | soluble |
______ fibers do not dissolve in water. | insoluble |
______ fibers are nonviscous (do not form gel) | insoluble |
______ fibers are found in grains and veggies, promote satiety, and promote bowel movements and prevent constipation. | insoluble |
The ultimate goal of digestion and absorption of sugars and starches is to break them into molecules of ______. | glucose |
______ is the main energy source for the brain. | glucose |
In the mouth, ______ hydrolyzes starch to shorter polysaccharides and maltose. | salivary amylase |
______ delay gastric emptying. | fibers |
The primary site of carbohydrate, fat, and protein digestion is the ________. | small intestine |
_______ breaks down polysaccharides into shorter glucose chains and disaccharides. | pancreatic amylase |
How long can our glycogen stores last? | 24 hours |
The making of glucose from a new source (Protein) which breaks down our own lean muscle mass is known as _________.
making glucose from a new source (Protein)
Break down our own lean muscle mass. | Gluconeogenesis |
Supplying your body with adequate carbs to prevent gluconeogenesis is known as the _________. | Protein-sparing action of carbohydrates |
Making ketone bodies from fat fragments as an alternative fuel to glucose is known as ________. | ketosis |
After we meet our energy needs and fill our glycogen stores, extra glucose is put back together and stored as _______. | fat |
Low blood sugar/glucose accompanied by dizziness, sweating and shaking is known as _________. | Hypoglycemia |
High blood sugar/glucose accompanied by excessive urination, thirst, hunger is known as ________. | hyperglycemia |
Normal blood glucose level is _______. | 70-110 mg/dL |
_______ transports glucose from the bloodstream into the cells. | insulin |
_______ releases glucose from the liver in response to low blood sugar. | glucagon |
“fight or flight” hormone | epinephrine |
The _______ produces insulin and glucagon. | pancreas |
What are the health effects of high sugar diets? | nutrient deficiencies, dental carries |
% of kcals that should come from carbohydrates | 45-65% |