Question | Answer |
Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease | Tagamet, Pepcid, Zantac, Prilosec, Nexium, Prevacid, Protonix, Carafate, Cyotec |
H2 Receptor Antagonist - Blocks secretion of gastric acid | Tagamet, Pepcid, Zantac |
Tagamet | Use cautiously in elderly, may cause confusion. Interferes with coumadin and dilantin |
Pepcid | Can decrease platelet count (thrombocytopenia) |
Proton Pump Inhibitors | Prilosec, Nexium, Prevacid, Protonix |
Prilosec, Nexium, Prevacid, Protonix | Permanently inhibit enzymes that produce gastric acid. Recommended to take for 4-8 weeks, not long term. Increases pH of stomach which increases bacterial growth making an increased risk for pneumonia |
Carafate | Adheres to opening of ulcer and creates barrier against acid. Does not neutralize acid or decrease secretion. Administer on empty stomach and do not give w/ other meds |
Cytotec | Used to prevent ulcers from NSAID use. Category X. S/E: Diarrhea, vaginal spotting, stimulates uterine contractions |
Zofran | Treats nausea, vomiting from radiation, chemo and post surgicals |
Scopalamine | Used for motion sickness. S/E: (anticholinergic) dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation |
Compazine | Increased prolonged QT which can lead to dysrhythmias. Sedative effect. S/E: (anticholinergic) dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation |
Inapsine & Phenergan | Used with kids. Has a sedative effect |
Reglan | Works in brain to block vomiting, increases peristalsis (moves bowel) |
Imodium | Anti-diarrheal. Suppresses bowel motility. Decreases fluids in bowel lumen. If take to much get constipated |
Pepto Bismol | Anti-diarrheal S/E: Can cause blackened stools and tongue. |
Zellnorm | Used for irritable bowel syndrome. Do not use if cardiovascular risks. Increased GI motility & secretions. Decreased bloating, constipation and abdominal pain. |
Laxatives | Citrucel, Colace, Golytely, Senakot, Dulcolax |
Citrucel | Laxative that produces soft formed stool in 1-3 days. Absorbs water (draws H2O) into bowel. Softens and enlarges fecal mass stimulating peristalsis |
Colace | Laxative that facilitates penetration of water and electrolytes into bowel (stool softener). Used for post-op patients |
Golytely | Laxative: Powder form: Used as osmotic laxative to make you go and go. Used pre-op (colonoscopy). Low dose (1x day) = semi-fluid BM in 6-12 hours. High Dose = liquid stool in 2-6 hours |
Senakot | Laxative that stimulates peristalsis. See stool in 6-12 hours |
Dulcolax | Laxative that can be given as suppository. BM in 15-60 minutes |
Antacids | Taken 1-3 hours after meal & at bedtime. Bases/alkaline compounds that neutralize stomach acid |
Milk of Magnesia | Magnesium based. Can cause diarrhea. Do not give if obstruction or appendicitis. Avoid w/ renal patients |
Mylanta, Maalox, Gaviscon | Have aluminum and magnesium (antacids) |
Magnesium based | causes diarrhea |
Aluminum based | causes constipation |
Drugs for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases | Sulfasalazine, Asacol, Prednisone, Imuran, Remicade |
Sulfasalazine | First choice drug for IBD, decreases inflammation in bowel. S/E: yellow/orange discoloration of skin/urine, photosensitivity, nausea, fever, rash. Avoid w/ sulfa allergy |
Asacol | Used for IBD, decreases inflammation. S/E: headache and GI upset |
Prednisone | Used for IBD. Gets them into remission |
Imuran | Used for IBD. Gets them into remission, only used for patients who do not respond to other therapy. Not a first choice drug |
Remicade | Inhibits tubonecrosis factor. Given IV. Give initial infusion again at 2, 6, 8 weeks then q8 weeks. Watch for infection, TB opportunis. Infusion reaction (fever, chills, hives, chest pain, dyspnea). Not always covered by insurance, very expensive |
Hepatitis (viral) | Alpha-interpheron, Epivir, Hepsera, Ribavirin |
Alpha-interpheron | Blocks viral entry into cells and synthesis of viral proteins, given subcut. S/E: arthrodial (joint) pain, fatigue, depression, insomnia, & injection site reactions |
Epivir | Used for Hep B. Given po for 1 year. Inhibits viral DNA synthesis. Use caution in renal patients. reserved for pregnant women or immune compromised |
Hepsera | Used with Epivir for resistant Hep B. Given po for 1 year. Nephrotoxic |
Rebetol | Used for Hep C given 2x week. S/E: Anemia, anorexia. Avoid in pregnancy. Treat yourself and your partner |
Cirrhosis | Vitamin K, Lactulose, Inderal, Aldactone, Questran |
Vitamin K | Given subcut or IV. Stimulates liver to increase clotting factors |
Lactulose | Decreases ammonia levels which is secreted in feces. Still give if patient has diarrhea |
Inderal | Beta blocker. Used for portal HTN and for patients with esophagogastritis to decrease bleeding. |
Aldactone | Potassium sparing diuretic. Blocks action of aldosterone |
Questran | Binds to bile salts. Decreases cholesterol and irritation of gastric mucosa. Administered before or w/ meals |
Pancreatic Enzymes | Pancreatin & Pancrealipase |
Pancreatin & Pancrealipase | Replacement enzymes for pancreas. Enteric coated to protect medicine. Taken w/ every meal and snack |
Bentyl | Decreases pain from pancreatitis |
Meridia | Appetite suppression. used short term <12 weeks. S/E: Increased BP and heart rate, dry mouth and insomnia |
Xenical | Blocks fat breakdown and absorption in intestines. Undigested fat is excreted in feces. S/E: Leakage of stool, flatulance, diarrhea, and bloating |
Pitressin | Vasopressor that can be used like epinephrine to vasoconstrict around an ulcer to slow bleeding |
Sandostatin | an IV med for GI bleed that decreases acid and irritability in the stomach |
Actigall | Breaks apart gallstones clogging duct |
Neomyocin | Antibiotic, Decreases ammonia producing bacteria in gut. Give po |
Cyclosporine | Given to transplant patients to bring down chance of rejecting organ |